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The roof top tent first became popular with off-road adventurers in the Australian outback who’d protect themselves from venomous snakes and spiders crawling around the ground. And although our Aussie ‘mates’ from down under kick-started the craze, the innovative camping accessory is becoming increasingly popular in America for the convenience it affords.
Unlike conventional tents that sit firmly on the ground, roof top tents are mounted on the roof racks of your ride, which keeps you safe from perilous creatures, not to mention mud and snow. Should you opt for a super sturdy hard shell model, you’ll enjoy ample protection from the wind as well.
They may cost a tidy sum to purchase outright, but the hard shell roof top tent is a happy camper’s dream. In this buyer’s guide, we’re going to cover everything you need to know about their revolutionary design and round out the top 10 options on the market.

Choosing the Right Hard Shell Roof Top Tent
Before you start shopping for a hard shell roof top tent of your very own, it’s essential to factor in a few crucial considerations. Keep the following six points in mind to ensure you purchase the best possible product for your needs. If a hard shell isn’t a requirement, you can also see our full rundown of roof top tents here.
Capacity
Hard shell roof top tents typically cater to two to three campers, although three adults in the one tent is almost always a squeeze. Make sure you purchase a model with plenty of space to fit everyone in.
Type
Hard shell roof top tents come in two major types: wedge-style and pop-ups. Wedge-style tents take longer to erect but provide more space and weather protection, while pop-up tents are more convenient but smaller.
Weight
Your roof racks have weight limitations, so ensure your hard shell tent (and the campers within) won’t exceed these. You can always upgrade your roof racks to a sturdier, after-market option, but you’ll need to factor the additional expense into your budget.
Size
You need to buy a tent that’s appropriate for the size of your vehicle and your roof racks. If you’ve got your heart set on a particular product that doesn’t quite fit, you can remove your factory-standard roof racks and replace them with something bigger.
Storage
Some options allow extra storage on top of the hard shell, while others let you remove the tent entirely and use the shell for storage. If you need more storage space, then choose a product that affords extra room.
Aerodynamics
Attaching anything to the roof of your car creates drag, thus requiring more energy from your engine and reducing your miles per gallon. Hard shell roof top tents feature an aerodynamic design to mitigate the issue, although some are better than others.
Price
Compared to a regular tent, hard shell roof top tents will set you back a pretty penny. With prices ranging from $1,000 to $4,000, your budget will play a major role in the decision-making process.
Now that you have some idea of what to look for, here are our favorite hard shell roof top tents for 2020

Top 8 Best Hard Shell Roof Top Tents 2020

1. Best Overall Pick: TMB Hard Shell Pop-Up Roof Tent

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Why we like it: It’s an excellent all-round option and a superb introduction to roof top tent camping.
Editor’s Rating:

Quick Facts:
Capacity: Two
Type: Pop-Up
Weight: 200 lbs.
Size: 84 x 49 x 13 inches
Whether you’re new to the world of roof top camping or you just want a simple, well-rounded tent that works, this hard shell pop-up from TMB is hard to beat.
Coming in at around the $2k mark, it has outstanding value for weekend campers with modest needs. One of the things we love most about this model is just how quickly and easily it unfurls—pop-out the shell, and it’s ready to go in 30 seconds flat thanks to the shock assisted arms. Inside, you’ll find a smorgasbord of nifty features, some of which are often reserved for premium roof top tents: bungee nets, inner/outer zippers, side pouches, etc. The sturdy telescopic ladder makes you feel safe and stable when you’re climbing in and out of the thing.
It’ll fit most standard-sized roof racks, and at 200 lbs., the slender tent is a fair bit lighter than most. It’s relatively quiet, too, as you can barely hear the wind rattling the shell, even while hurtling at 70mph down the freeway. And if high school science 101 taught us anything, that means there’s not much wind resistance; therefore, little difference in fuel efficiency when driving with this tent mounted.
Granted, it won’t compete in terms of durability, weather resistance, or comfort with the high-end models. But if you’re a casual camper, you don’t need all that much, and the savings are well worth it. Also, while the included memory foam mattress isn’t terrible, it’s certainly not as luxuriously comfortable as some of our other options.

Pros

Moderately priced
Easy to set up and pack down
High-quality design
Low wind drag while driving
Great for casual campers

Cons

Doesn’t compete with high-end tents
The included mattress could be better

2. Best Premium Pick: iKamper SkyCamp 2.0

Why we like it: Oodles of extra space and a rigid, durable design make this tent one of the best wedge-style hard shells on the market.
Editor’s Rating:

Quick Facts:
Capacity: Two
Type: Wedge
Weight: 155 lbs.
Size: 54 x 86 x 13 inches
You’ll pay a pretty penny for the privilege, but the SkyCamp 2.0 is well worth the investment for keen campers after a spacious hard shell wedge-style tent. A sturdy base folds out the side of your vehicle to create a great big platform of 83 x 86 x 43 inches, enough to sleep three full-sized adults comfortably. Families are particularly enamored with this roomy option as you could easily squeeze in two adults and two pre-teen kids.
Aside from the size, iKamper has hit the nail on the head by producing a sturdy and durable tent built to withstand the elements. A thick FRP and polyester/canvas does a brilliant job of protecting campers from the wind and the rain, while its heavily insulated base gets them all cozy and snug during those frigid early mornings.
Given this high-end tent is quite a significant investment, you might rightfully feel worried about someone taking off with the thing. But you needn’t because iKamper includes a theft-proof lock with the design, which also safeguards the possessions within (worth it for the peace of mind alone).
You may find the previous model—the SkyCamp 1.0—cheaper online. But the downgrade isn’t worth it, in our opinion, as the 2.0 is significantly sturdier and more spacious. Furthermore, the new and improved latching mechanism makes set up and break down easier than ever before. Having said that, it does take a few minutes longer than your average pop-up style hard shell tent, but the extra effort is worth it for the abundance of space.

Pros

Large spacious design
Sleeps up to three adults (or two adults and two kids)
Sturdy build
Excellent weather resistance

Cons

Takes longer to assemble than a pop-up tent
Rather expensive

3. Best Budget Pick: DANCHEL OUTDOOR Rooftop Tent

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Why we like it: DANCHEL OUTDOOR offers excellent value for money with this durable pop-up tent.
Editor’s Rating:

Quick Facts:
Capacity: Three
Type: Pop-Up
Weight: 144.7 lbs.
Size: 82 x 51.5 x 14 inches
If you’re in love with the concept of a hard shell roof top tent—and you should be—but you don’t want to fork out for the TMB Beige Hard Shell Pop Up Roof Tent, then this model from DANCHEL OUTDOOR is an outstanding alternative at a far lower price point. It costs about 25% less than the aforementioned model, which equates to significant savings you can dedicate to other essential camping gear.
The first thing you should know about this tent is that it’s designed for cars (or the bed of a pick-up truck), meaning you don’t need a beefy SUV to support the frame. With a maximum load rating of 570 lbs., you can fit up to three relatively slender humans inside—perfect for a fun-filled road trip with your two BFFs. Fly screen-clad windows on every wall ensure it won’t get too hot and stuffy inside (just as well if you’re cramming three people in there).
The weather resistance is pretty decent for a roof top tent in this price range, although we do recommend looking elsewhere should you frequently brave harsh temperatures or heavy rain. The mattress could also be a little comfier, but that’s easy enough to fix by adding a layer of your own.
Another downside is that although relatively light, the weight of the tent will affect the center of gravity on smaller cars, so you’d best take it easy when maneuvering around tight corners.
All in all, however, it’s a fantastic little budget option that’s perfect for campers who get around in a car rather than an SUV.

Pros

Low-cost hard shell option
Designed for use with cars
Fits three people
Decent weather resistance

Cons

Notable effect on the center of gravity
Included mattress isn’t the best

4. Best for Summer: James Baroud Explorer

Why we like it: This breezy pop-up roof top tent is perfect for hot midsummer nights.
Editor’s Rating:

Quick Facts:
Capacity: Two
Type: Pop-Up
Weight: 200 lbs.
Size: 55 x 78 x 13.2 inches
If you plan to do most of your camping in the sweltering summer months, you need to snag yourself a tent that won’t have you dripping with sweat throughout the night. And ventilation is where the James Baroud Explorer excels with a breeze-inducing design and a solar-powered cooling system.
Unlike most roof top tents, the Explorer has two entrance points plus a whole host of windows made of lightweight mesh to bring in the breeze. Should it start raining at any point during the night, it’s super easy to lean out and unfurl the fly, which provides plenty of protection from light to heavy rain. The polyester walls are also adequately waterproof and have a breathable design to optimize air-flow. To top off the high-end ventilation system, a solar-powered fan cycles air through the tent to cool you down, running for up to 24 hours on a single charge.
Extra storage is another nifty plus, with plenty of nets inside to stow your gear. Furthermore, regardless of whether the tent is up or down, you can store up to 65 lbs. of equipment on the roof, which is best attached using tie-down straps.
As is typical for a pop-up tent, there isn’t a tremendous amount of space within. Two adults can lie comfortably side-by-side, but it’s a bit cramped should one be over six foot tall (the open dimensions are 55 x 78 x 40 inches).
The product is pretty pricey as far as hard shell tents go, but definitely worth considering for passionate summertime campers.

Pros

Plenty of breathable mesh
Solar-powered fan is suitable for hot weather
Good rain resistance
Storage space inside and on roof

Cons

A bit too tight for tall people
Expensive

5. Best Storage: TEPUI HyBox

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Why we like it: The TEPUI HyBox converts into extra storage space when you’re not camping in the wild.
Editor’s Rating:

Quick Facts:
Capacity: Two
Type: Pop-up
Weight: 177 lbs.
Size: 84 x 55 x 12.75 inches
Tent specialist TEPUI makes a variety of roof top options, and this two-person model is among their best.  The highly innovative design transforms the spacious tent into a useful cargo box—perfect for handymen who need somewhere to stash their tools. There is one rather unusual caveat to the design; however, the cargo box cannot be locked (don’t leave your best tools in there).
When you’re not using it for storage, the tent serves as a mighty fine place to sleep. Extra thick, reinforced insulation lines the interior to keep you cozy and reduce the rustling sound as the wind starts to pick up. Down below, honeycomb panels and a felt-lined aluminum frame give the tent a nice sturdy feel. What’s more, the 3000mm polyester material offers a high degree of waterproofing, so feel free to grab this model for your next trip to the Pacific Northwest.
The tent works well with most modern SUVs on the market, although you should double-check whether your roof racks are up for the job.

Pros

Serves as both storage and tent
Excellent waterproofing
Sturdy frame
Fits most SUVs and pick-ups

Cons

Storage area can’t be locked

6. Best for Rough Weather: Alu-Cab Expedition 3

Why we like it: This robust hard shell tent is built to withstand inclement weather.
Editor’s Rating:

Quick Facts:
Capacity: Two
Type: Wedge
Weight: 170 lbs.
Size: 90 x 55 inches
The South African-based brand Alu-Cab is responsible for this heavy-duty hard shell, which is seen on remote wildlife expeditions (hence the name) throughout the wild continent. Safari tour companies love it for the durable and sturdy design, which allows them to get heavy use out of the investment over a lengthy timeframe.
The ultra-durable design is thanks to the aluminum frame, which can withstand stacks of weight and won’t break anytime soon. Gas-pressure springs make packing it up and down a breeze, especially compared to some of the other wedge-style tents on the market.
On the floor, a heavily insulated closed-cell polyethylene foam help reduce condensation and regulate the indoor temperature. Layered on top is a super soft, high-density foam mattress that provides ample comfort for even the fussiest camper.
Storage is another definite plus (you need plenty on an African safari). Pockets inside the tents are great for stashing your stuff, and there’s room on the roof to tie-down extra gear.
The product does well in wet weather, with a strategic pointed design (the outer shell is wider than the tent) that forces rain to flow down to the ground rather than seeping through the fabric. What’s more, each seam has been individually waterproofed, so you won’t have to worry about waking up damp—no need to “curse the rains down in Africa” in this tent.
Of course, quality products are always going to cost more, and you may have to do quite a lot of camping in this one to justify the expense.

Pros

Sturdy and long-lasting
Easy to pack down and set up
Comfortable mattress
Good insulation
Does well in wet weather

7. Most Comfortable: Pittman Outdoors Comet

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Why we like it: This high-quality roof top tent from Pittman provides ample comfort at a competitive price.
Editor’s Rating:

Quick Facts:
Capacity: Two
Type: Pop-up
Weight: 172 pounds
Size: 84 x 51 x 14 inches
A growing name on the outdoor adventure scene, Pittman has developed a small but loyal contingent of fans by providing quality craftsmanship at a reasonable price.  The Comet is one such product, with a durable wind-resistant and waterproof design, it’s well equipped to withstand the rigors of Mother Nature. Included in the package is a heavy-duty telescopic ladder, which doesn’t feel the slightest bit flimsy when climbing up or down.
Inside, the insulated aluminum honeycomb base makes the frame feel sturdy and tort, while a non-deforming foam mattress means a good night’s sleep is all but guaranteed. The tent has been designed with longevity in mind; you can expect it to last for years (or decades) to come.
As you’d expect from a good hard shell roof top tent, the Comet is super easy to set up and pack away. After your first or second go, it should only take you a matter of minutes to get the process down pat.
All in all, it’s a respectable mid-range product that ticks all the boxes for casual campers and weekend warriors. If you’re a frequent or hardcore camper, however, then it might be worth investing a bit more in a premium product.

Pros

Sturdy base
Good water and wind resistance
Comfy non-deforming foam mattress

Cons

Not ideal for frequent campers

8. Best Removable Tent: Roost Explorer

Why we like it: You can take the entire tent out of the shell and use the space for storage instead.
Editor’s Rating:

Quick Facts:
Capacity: Three
Type: Wedge
Weight: 163 lbs.
Size: 90 x 57 x 13 inches
This well-made and ultra-comfy wedge-style roof top tent has one unique feature that sees it stand out from the rest: you can take the tent out and use the hard shell for storage.
The entire tent—including its two-inch foam mattress—is designed to quickly and easily slide out of the shell, affording you a roomy 90 x 57 x 13 inches of space to stow your stuff. Skis, snowboards, small surfboards, and a range of other long sporting goods and other items fit inside, which is super convenient if you’ve got minimal boot space.
Storage aside, the Roost Explorer is a good roof top tent that provides ample comfort in a variety of conditions. Three screen-mesh doors bring plenty of air-flow into the cabin, and its spacious design can accommodate up to three adults (it’s more comfortable with two, though). On the floor, a two-inch high-density foam mattress is suitable for shorter trips, but we’d recommend upgrading to the three-inch mattress ($100 extra) if you’re planning on spending a lot of time inside the thing—you can’t put a price on a good night’s sleep, after all.
It does a respectable job of withstanding the elements thanks to its 600 Denier Solution Dyed Polyester fabric, although it’s perhaps not quite as good as some of our premium recommendations. Gas-pressure struts allow the contraption to open with ease, and it firmly attaches to your roof racks via lockable rear latches to reduce road noise and optimize gas mileage.
Switch to the Roost Sportsman model if you’d rather have a masculine camouflage print.

Pros

You can use it as storage or a tent
Good air-flow
Spacious design
Minimal road noise and good MPG

Cons

Not as weather-resistant as other options

Hard Shell Roof Top Tent Buyer’s Guide
We won’t sugar coat it: hard shell roof top tents are a significant investment, so expect to spend thousands of dollars on your elevated campsite.
Considering you’ll be dropping such a substantial sum, it’s well worth learning everything you can about the product beforehand. That’s where this in-depth buyer’s guide comes in, with oodles of thoroughly researched information to help you wrap your head around the hard shell roof top tent.  Paired with other supplies like an electric cooler or warmer for your car, the place can really start to feel like home.
Hard Shell Roof Top Tents Versus Soft Shell Roof Top Tents
You may be wondering what the difference is between these two popular types. Here we’ll explain how they vary and outline the pros and cons of each.
Hard Shell Roof Top Tents
As the name suggests, hard shell roof top tents come wedged between a hard shell, typically made of aluminum or fiberglass. These rigid pieces serve to sandwich the squishy tent parts (bedding, walls, flooring, and all) together during storage to provide a sturdy protective barrier that safeguards them from harm.
One big advantage of the hard shell design is it creates a streamlined, aerodynamic shape that doesn’t cause excessive drag (wind resistance) as you drive. As a result, you’ll get more miles per gallon than a soft shell tent and save money every time you refuel. The aerodynamic design also provides a better center of gravity, which helps to improve the handling of your vehicle.
But for many campers, the major plus of the hard shell roof top tent is convenience. The unique design allows you to open the tent up quickly and effortlessly, leaving you more time to bask in the glory of the great outdoors.
Soft Shell Roof Top Tents
[Image: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/camper-van-roof-top-tent-camping-1769231585 Alt-Text: A hard shell roof top tent on a camper van].
Soft shell roof top tents have two key advantages: space and price.
Unlike their hard shell counterparts, you can fold the flooring of a soft shell tent out over the left or right-hand side of the vehicle, effectively allowing you to double the space. For traveling families or anyone camping with a bigger group than two, that extra space is a must.
As soft shell tents don’t have the dual protective layer on the top and the bottom, they’re significantly cheaper to manufacture than hard shell models, and the savings are passed on to the consumer. Soft shell tents can cost hundreds, sometimes even thousands of dollars less than a similar-sized hard shell tent, making them ideal for budget-minded campers.
On the downside, soft shell tents are a bit of a pain to assemble. You’ll need to roll up and pack down vast swathes of fabric and install support beams to secure everything in place.
The Benefits of a Hard Shell Roof Top Tent
[Image: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/drone-view-vehicle-top-tent-forest-1541223668 Alt-Text: A soft shell roof top tent on an SUV].
In case you’re still wondering what all the fuss is about, here are six key reasons why hard shell roof top tents are the ultimate camping accessory.
You’re up off the ground: Unlike a conventional tent, a roof top tent has you sleeping on top of your car and high above the ground. That way, you don’t need to worry about animals, rocks, insects, mud, or snow, and you’re less likely to track filth into your bed.
Easy to set up: Forget about unfurling a tent and hammering pegs into the ground; hard shell roof top tents are much easier to assemble than standard tents and even the soft shell variety. All you have to do is lift up the struts and attach the ladder.
Plenty of air-flow: As roof top tents are elevated off the ground, the breeze will circulate through the cabin to keep you comfortable and cool. Should it start blowing a gale, you can shelter yourself by closing the fly.
Durable design: A rugged design means hard shell roof top tents are built to last and able to withstand adverse weather conditions. Although you’ll spend a fair chunk of cash up front, you can expect your purchase to last for many years to come.
Comfort: Hard shell roof top tents come with a comfy thick mattress that have plenty of padding for a good night’s sleep. Rigid materials provide extra insulation to regulate temperature and hold up well in heavy winds, resulting in less noisy rustling at night.
Storage: Many hard shell roof top tents allow you to add storage containers on top, which you don’t need to move around when you pop up the tent. Some even allow you to remove the tent entirely and use the hard shell as dedicated storage.
The Disadvantages of a Hard Shell Roof Top Tent
Every camping setup has pros and cons, so it’s worth pointing out a few of the disadvantages of the hard shell roof top tent.
Price: The hard shell roof top tents we recommend on our list range from $1,200 to $4,000, a sizable sum compared to conventional ground-based tents. Roof top hard shells are substantially more expensive than soft shell tents as well.
Bathroom access: Climbing out of a roof top tent—whether hard shell or soft shell—in the middle of the night to pee is a bit of a chore. It’s also a little bit laborious to lug all the stuff you need for the evening up and down the ladder.
Space: Even the biggest hard shell roof top tents aren’t as spacious as the fold-out soft shell options. And when you compare them to conventional tents, RVs, and trailers, roof top tents are downright tiny.
Weight limitations: You can only safely support so much weight on your roof and racks. Depending on your vehicle, roof top camping might not be viable at all. Remember to factor in the weight of the tent and its contents when doing the math.
The Different Types of Hard Shell Roof Top Tents
Hard shell roof top tents come in two unique styles—pop-up and wedge—each with distinct pros and cons.
Wedge-Style Hard Shell Roof Top Tents
Wedge-style tents have a hinge on the front of the vehicle where you’ll rest your feet, and a crank on the back that lifts the tent vertically to give you plenty of headroom. As the crank is less complex than the rising mechanism of a pop-up, it takes up less room and leaves the camper with more square inches of floor space. However, because the front end around your feet isn’t raised, wedge-style tents can feel a little more cramped.
A big advantage of the wedge-style design is its triangular shape works well in inclement weather.  Rain and snow slide down the roof rather than accumulating on the top, and its aerodynamic shape fares better in heavy winds.
Pop-Up Style Hard Shell Roof Top Tents
As you probably guessed from the name, pop-up tents can be quickly erected in a vertical motion, a simple process achieved by unhitching the gas-pressure struts. The result is a box-shaped tent with an evenly leveled roof across the entire area, which creates a feeling of extra space. Although they feel roomier due to the high ceiling, it’s crucial to note wedge-style tents tend to have more square inches of floor space.
Pop-ups are super simple to set up, but their rigid, box-like profile aren’t as effective at deflecting the wind and the rain.
Setting Up and Packing Down a Hard Shell Roof Top Tent
Convenience is the core advantage of opting for a hard shell roof top tent, and there’s no denying the innovative design is incredibly easy to set up and pack down.
The process varies a bit between types and models, but the core steps are mainly the same:
Crank up or unhinge the automatic pop-up feature to allow the tent to rise
Attach all the relevant fasteners and cords to secure the tent in place
Put the ladder in at the doorway and clip it in
To pack down a hard shell pop up tent, simply do the same process in reverse.
Setting up and packing down a hard shell roof top tent generally takes 1-2 minutes, making it the quickest and easiest form of tent camping on the market. Compare that to soft shell roof top tents, which take up to 8 minutes to set up or pack down, depending on the model and the complexity of its vestibules.
If you’re wondering whether the extra 5-6 minutes you save using a hard shell is worth it, for us—and for thousands of other happy campers out there—it certainly is. The ability to erect your accommodation in almost an instant is a massive luxury on the road, and the uber-fast process is especially handy when it’s dark or rainy outside. Considering most of the time, you’ll have to set up and pack down your tent on the same day; the added convenience goes a long way.
Maintaining a Hard Shell Roof Top Tent
Given they’re such a substantial investment, it makes financial sense to take the time to care for your hard shell roof top tent properly. Keep the following maintenance tips in mind to ensure your tent lasts the test of time.
Dry it out: Mold can wreak havoc on a roof top tent, just as it does on ground-based models. After a wet camping trip, erect your tent and let it thoroughly dry out in the sun. It’s okay to pack down your tent while it’s wet, but don’t allow it to sit there and soak for too long.
Keep it clean: A tough hard bristled brush and/or vacuum cleaner will do to get the dirt, bugs, and organic matter out of your tent. If you want to give it a deep clean, try using soapy water and a sponge (remember to let it dry off properly).
Oil the hinges: Rain and dew will cause the hinges and cranking mechanism to rust over time. Offset the issue by oiling them regularly with an appropriate silicone lubricant.
Waterproof the material: Although the material used to construct a hard shell roof top tent has already been waterproofed, it may lose its non-porous properties over time. Periodically applying a coat of waterproofing spray will keep the rain at bay for years to come.
Scrape the snow off the roof: The bottom section of a roof top tent is designed to support an enormous amount of weight. But the roof? Not so much. If it’s been snowing heavily, scrape the snow off the top to avoid overburdening it.
Hard Shell Roof Top Tent FAQs
If you’ve read this far and still have questions about the hard shell roof top tent, there’s a good chance you’ll find answers below.
What is the Best Hard Shell Roof Top Tent?
The best hard shell roof top tent is subjective; it ultimately depends on your personal camping preference and budget. In our guide, we rate the best budget, premium, and overall product to help you identify the best option for you.
What is the Biggest Hard Shell Roof Top Tent?
The biggest hard shell roof top tend that we recommend is the iKamper SkyCamp 2.0, which comes in at a roomy 83 x 86 x 43 inches when open. If you need more space than that, consider opting for a soft shell option instead, which can fold out to create stacks of extra space.
Why are Hard Shell Roof Top Tents so Expensive?
Hard shell roof top tents are built from high-grade materials designed to withstand the elements, and the fact they must pack down into an aerodynamic shell adds significantly to the cost (the gas-pressure struts alone are super high-tech). Furthermore, the product is still fairly niche, which means there aren’t all that many manufacturers competing on price.
Is a Hard Shell Roof Top Tent Worth it?
We certainly think so. Hard shell roof top tents let you set up camp in mere minutes, a godsend when you’re exhausted after a long drive or it’s raining outside. The process is so simple you can even do it in the pitch dark.
We also love being able to camp up off the ground; no more worrying about rocks or mud.
How Many People Can a Hard Shell Roof Top Tent Fit?
Most hard shell roof top tents are designed to comfortably accommodate two campers, or three with a bit of a squeeze. Some models can fit more in, although you’ll need a larger-than-normal vehicle to support the size and weight.
Can I Use a Hard Shell Roof Top Tent on My Car?
Hard shell roof top tents are commonly found on SUVs, although it is possible to use some models on smaller cars as well. It’s worth checking how much weight your car roof can support with the manufacturer. You’ll also need roof racks that are designed to hold the relevant weight, which may mean swapping out your current ones for an after-market model.
What Sort of Weather Can a Hard Shell Roof Top Tent Withstand?
Their durable design makes hard shell roof top tents among the sturdiest tent types on the market, meaning they hold up well in inclement weather—thick materials and a robust structure will protect you from heavy rain, wind, and snow. You should feel snug and comfortable inside your tent in anything short of gale-force winds, especially if you’ve got a wedge-style tent, which are exceptionally weather-resistant.
Hard Shell Roof Top Tents: The Ultimate Camping Accessory
Now that you’re up to speed on everything there is to know about the world of roof top camping, it’s time to pick out the appropriate hard shell model for your needs.
Carefully sift through the things to consider to determine your individual needs, then work your way through our top eight recommendations to find the ideal option for you.
Once you’ve installed a hard shell roof top tent on your ride, all that’s left to do is hit the road and start making the most of America’s epic natural splendor. Happy camping, folks. More

Transmissions are vital components in modern automobiles and trucks; they convert raw engine power into mobility by utilizing gears and pinions. Sometimes, mechanical issues arise through normal wear and tear and the daily use of your vehicle. When this happens, one product to consider would be a transmission additive as an inexpensive alternative to taking your car to a mechanic for costly repairs.
Before you read any further, if your transmission fluid is over 30,000 miles old, you should always change it first to see if that fixes the problem. You can check out our guide on the Best Transmission Fluids to better understand what transmission fluid is right for you and your vehicle.
Readers who own a 2014 or newer Ford or GM vehicle running Mercon-ULV/Dexron-ULV ATF are advised not to use additives in your transmission. The current Ultra-Low-Viscosity (ULV) ATF is a very smooth oil specifically engineered not to be altered, and doing so may cause irreversible damage to your vehicle.

Why Should You Buy a Transmission Additive?
There are three reasons why you may consider using a transmission additive: leaks, transmission noise or lack of performance, and preventative maintenance.
Stop Leaks
First and foremost, leaks from rubber seals or solenoids are among the most common gearbox problems. The rubber parts inside your transmission can be restored and repaired by adding an ester-based transmission additive.
Repair and Rejuvenation
Secondly, transmission additives can repair and clean the internal components damaged through normal wear and tear. Irregular shifts, increased noise, or grinding from within the gearbox can indicate damage to internal parts. These formulations are known as revitalizers or rejuvenators.
Maintenance and Performance
And finally, we have scheduled routine maintenance. Some additives happen to help maintain your transmission by cleaning and improving your transmission fluid’s overall quality. These additives are similar to an octane booster, where the normal fluid inside your car gets an upgrade to enhance performance to clean the junk out of the affected system.
Transmission Type
While the different types of transmission additives are the key to choosing the right product for you, you’ll also which kind of transmission your vehicle has. There are three main types of transmissions widely available today: automatic, manual, and continuously variable transmissions (CVT), and you need to make sure you purchase an additive that matches your transmission.
Some transmission issues and failures require a professional to dive deeper into the gears and grease. An additive can be useful in many situations. They remedy annoyances such as slipping gears, small leaks, minor grinding, or unsmooth shifts.
For the most part, additives are a useful alternative to save time and money by delaying potentially more expensive repairs, so read on to see our recommendations for the best transmission additive available no matter what you’re looking for.

Top 10 Best Transmission Additives 2020

1. Best Overall Transmission Additive: zMAX 51-306 Transmission Formula

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Why we like it: The 51-306 is an almost universal transmission additive that lubricates, stops leaks, improves shifting, and reduces harmful buildup, extending the life of your transmission.
Editor’s Rating:

Compatibility: Automatic & Manual
zMax is an American lubricant manufacturer that has been around for over 80 years. The Federal Aviation Administration approved their original Linkite formula as the first pure-lubricant for piston-engine aircraft. They have since expanded to other lubricant formulations.
The zMax 51-306 reduces gear wear, improves shifting, and keeps seals supple. It does this due to its proprietary formulation of white mineral oil and ester. Unlike the Liqui-Moly 20040’s subtle approach to packaging, zMax goes full Hollywood and tries to catch the eyes of the consumer with its bright pink liquid in a conical flask.
The zMax 51-306 formulation is very potent, so much so that it removes internal varnish from heat buildup and previous transmission fluid. Be sure to wear gloves and eye protection when handling this specific additive as it is highly dangerous as a consumer product.
Almost every passenger vehicle can use the 51-306 as a preventative maintenance measure. This includes cars and trucks with both manual transmissions and automatic transmissions. Unfortunately, it will not work on vehicles with either a CVT or sealed transmission.
As a transmission additive, the 51-306 has it all. It is nearly universal, has a highly reputable company producing it, and even has an appealing aesthetic, but is it the best transmission additive today? Yes.
Assuming you do not have a CVT transmission or a sealed transmission, the 51-306 should be your choice to maintain and repair a well-used tranny is priced very competitively, is made in America by an American company, and has history and results to back up their claims.  Those who do have a CVT should check out Hot Shot’s Secret Shift Restore.

Pros

Nearly universal
Low price
American owned and manufactured
Cool pink formula

Cons

Doesn’t work on CVT or sealed transmissions
Very dangerous to handle without PPE

2. Best Premium Transmission Additive: Hot Shot’s Secret Shift Restore

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Why we like it: Hot Shot’s Secret Shift Restore is an outstanding product backed up by years of testing and R&D. It works both as a preventative maintenance measure as well as a repair/restore compound.
Editor’s Rating:

Compatibility: Automatic & CVT
Hot Shot’s Secret is an American automotive lubricant company based out of Mt. Gilead, Ohio. They have been manufacturing Shift Restore since 2005, and it has gone through several iterations. This product was previously sold as “Transmission Stiction Eliminator.”
HSS Shift Restore is designed to restore your automatic transmission to its original performance. The polar ester in the formula works to dissolve varnish and eliminate stiction inside the transmission. Shift Restore makes your transmission cooler, less noisy, and improves the shifting performance.
It is engineered to be used in any automatic transmission, including CVT transmissions. Unfortunately, Shift Restore does not work in manual transmissions; otherwise, this would most likely be our best overall additive. Changing your ATF before trying Shift Restore is the most optimal approach. The manufacturer recommends that you mix this at 7% per volume or 2.4 ounces per quart.
Most vehicles will get two services from one bottle of Shift Restore, thanks to the 32-ounce bottle that it comes in. The additional product comes at an extra cost. Shift Restore costs roughly double what most competitors do, such as the Lucas Transmission Fix. Despite the price, this is still a good option for those looking to perform scheduled preventative maintenance or repairs.
We would recommend Hot Shot’s Secret Shift Restore to those who have older vehicles with an automatic transmission that just isn’t running the way it used to. It is a dependable additive for those who have two cars or who drive long distances consistently.
Hot Shot’s Secret had an independent test performed on a 2006 Saab with just over 120,000 miles on it to see what exact impacts Shift Restore had on overall performance. The results are quite shocking. The independent researchers discovered approximately a 15% increase in both horsepower and torque that had previously been lost due to transmission degradation. If you would like to read the full report, click here.
Overall, HSS Shift Restore is an exciting product with hard scientific evidence backing up its claims. It can take a few hundred miles to see improvements, but you can feel the difference once the formula starts working.

Pros

Scientifically backed product
Made in America
Dissolves varnish & eliminates stiction
Automatic transmissions & CVT

Cons

Expensive
Oversized bottle

3. Best Performance Transmission Additive: ATP Automotive AT-203 ATF Friction Modifier

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Why we like it: The AT-203 is an ATF additive that improves the overall performance of lesser-grade or used ATFs by converting existing conventional oil to a high viscosity synthetic.
Editor’s Rating:

Compatibility: Automatic
ATP Automotive is an American company that manufactures and specializes in aftermarket automatic transmission parts and oils and has done so since 1955. ATP Automotive’s history and longevity show that high-quality products often develop when a company specializes in a specific industry sector, and the AT-203 is no exception.
The AT-203 has a unique approach to maintaining and repairing transmission seals.
Some mechanics and repair shops will use a ten-ounce bottle of AT-203 to upgrade up to 8 liters of new, less-expensive ATFs to meet or exceed the performance of expensive synthetic OEM ATFs. This is the most common use for it. However, you can also use the additive on your vehicle’s existing ATF while procrastinating a transmission flush and fill.
AT-203 is compatible with most automatic transmission fluids, including Dexron, Mercon, ATF +3, and ATF +4, Z1, T, Diamond, and Nissanmatic. Most vehicles made in Japan or the United States can take advantage of this product.
Unlike other additives, the AT-203 is a way to upgrade your existing ATF by increasing the viscosity and supplementing conventional oil into a synthetic blend. It works because of the plasticizer, Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether. AT-203 effectively repairs existing rubber and EPDM-type seals found in a wide variety of vehicle transmissions.
In general, we recommend AT-203 as a cost-saving measure in contrast to expensive OEM ATFs. It will repair existing rubber seals in your transmission. This additive should be recognized as a way to increase performance while also not breaking the bank.

Pros

American made
Works on most American & Japanese vehicles
Applications outside of passenger vehicles

Cons

Automatic transmissions only

4. Best Budget Transmission Additive: Lucas LUC10009 Transmission Fix

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Why we like it: Lucas Transmission Fix is one of the most popular transmission additives on the market today. Its price, universality and consistent quality make it a highly recommended choice for budget-conscious shoppers.
Editor’s Rating:

Compatibility: Automatic & Manual
Lucas has been a monster in American motoring and sports culture since its inception in 1989. The company has sponsored many racing teams and drivers and is most famous for its sponsorship of the Indianapolis Colts and the Lucas Oil Stadium.
In bold red letters, we see the words “Stops Slip” on the white bottle’s front. Lucas Oil designed this product for automatic transmissions that slip out of gear, experience hard shifts, or hesitate to engage gears. This additive contains friction modifiers that can improve performance inside a transmission. LUC10009 creates a polymeric film on the transmission bands to reduce slipping.
The Lucas Transmission Fix is a universal transmission additive (does not work in CVT transmissions) that even the most inexperienced car-owner can use. The additive can be added directly to the gearbox without requiring you to flush out the existing fluid.
An almost universal product is bound to have some downsides, and there is one major complaint. When it comes to seals and leaks, this product is sometimes hit or miss. The more severe the leak, the less likely the LUC100009 is going to fix it.
For more severe leaks, we recommend Liqui Moly 20040
For the most part, Lucas provides an excellent option for routine automotive maintenance at a low price. Because Lucas does not use a solvent as the main ingredient in their formulation, it is improbable that any adverse effects will come from using this product.
LCU100009 is one of the most inexpensive options if you are struggling with gear slippage and irregular shifts. We recommend the use of this product not as a stop leak, but as a stop slip.

Pros

Inexpensive
American made/American owned
Stops slipping gears/hard shifting
Near universal application

Cons

Stop leak is subpar
Doesn’t work on CVT

5. Best Leak Sealing Transmission Additive: Liqui Moly 20040 ATF Additive

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Why we like it: The Liqui Moly 20040 is a premium-grade ATF additive primarily used to prevent oil loss, revitalize seals and protect your transmission from dangerous build-up and grime.
Editor’s Rating:

Compatibility: Automatic
Liqui Moly has a long history of making high-quality lubricants and additives in racing, aviation, and military applications. While the product may not come in aesthetically pleasing packaging, the German engineering ethos of function over fashion is evident. The Liqui Moly 20040 is the newest addition to their long line of exquisite, high-quality products.
The LM 20040 additive is designed explicitly for Dexron II and Dexron III ATF and is recommended for older American-made vehicles running conventional transmission fluid. This ATF additive will improve shifting operation, dampen shifting noise, and protect against wear. LM 20040 is one of the best options to keep a smoothly operating vehicle running well into the future. With the 20040 ATF additive, Liqui Moly offers precisely what consumers need to maintain their transmission with minimal effort.
This product does a fantastic job of sealing leaks and rejuvenating seals in your transmission thanks to its very high viscosity level of 0.888g/ml. It bonds with the existing ATF to pass through all the nooks and crannies inside a modern transmission. Thanks to that high viscosity level, the additive helps certain materials reconstitute, closing leaks, and saving seals.
Overall, Liqui Moly markets a reliable option for those looking to stay up to date on transmission maintenance. While it may be slightly more expensive per ounce than other options, this additive is worth every penny if your vehicle’s transmission is compatible with it.

Pros

Ease of use
Great price
High-quality German-engineered product

Cons

Limited compatibility
Automatic transmissions only

6. Best Transmission Additive for Preventative Maintenance: Prolong Super Lubricants PSL15000

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Why we like it: Prolong Super Lubricants has released a high-quality damage prevention additive designed to clean and maintain a well cared for transmission.
Editor’s Rating:

Compatibility: Automatic & Manual
Prolong Super Lubricants is a California-based subsidiary of the Golden West Lubricants conglomeration. They have been making their product since the early 1990s and have had success in American auto racing in IndyCar, NASCAR, NHRA, and IMSA. Their reputation as a high-performance lubricant manufacturer has recently improved due to the success of this additive and Prolong’s secret Anti-Friction Metal Treatment.
The PSL15000 transmission additive is similar to Hot Shot’s Secret Restore in the way it eliminates stiction. The main difference is that this product actively protects the metal inside your transmission by depolarizing the ATF and creating a protective film on your parts.
This additive is an ideal choice for strictly preventative maintenance. One of the downsides of this product is that because it is doing something that is less observable, it is harder to determine the efficacy of using PSL15000. Other products are trying to stop leaks or eliminate pre-existing problems, and these are easier to determine whether or not it works.
Overall, we think that Prolong has put out a reliable product; however, it is essential to remember what each additive does and to not confuse them with each other. This product is highly recommended for owners looking to go the extra mile for planned preventative maintenance.

Pros

Great for preventative maintenance
American owned & operated
Automatic & manual transmission

Cons

Small container (8oz.)
Hard to determine efficacy

7. Best Pre-Fill Transmission Additive: Sea Foam TT16 Trans Tune

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Why we like it: A Jack-of-all-trades approach to a stop leak/transmission additive is unique in the automotive lubricant market.
Editor’s Rating:

Compatibility: Automatic & Power Steering/Hydraulics
Founded in 1942, Sea Foam is an American company known for its automotive additives and marine lubricants. Their Sea Foam Motor Treatment is one of the best-selling automotive additives in North America. If you frequent race tracks or other car-enthusiast events, you may be familiar with their old-fashioned red and white “fairgrounds” branding.
The Sea Foam TT16 Trans Tune is an odd product that helps condition ATF and treats existing ATF. It is also one of the few products that serve as a pre-fill cleaner. A pre-fill cleaner is a product you use after you drain the old ATF. After that liquid has been removed, you put TT16 in and let it do its magic while the transmission is basically empty. It does a great job removing varnish while eliminating stiction. As a cherry on top, the TT16 Trans Tune can also stop leaks in power steering and hydraulic systems.
But there’s one glaring problem with this product. It eliminates the inconvenience of buying four different products, but at the same time doesn’t outperform any of its competitors.
One other factor directly related to this “jack-of-all-trades” approach Sea Foam is going for is that the bottle is only 16 ounces. That means that even if you want to buy it for several of the listed applications, you would probably need to purchase several bottles, and at that point, why not just buy the right products the first time?
For example, if you are looking for an additive to condition conventional ATF, the ATP Friction Modifier is the better choice, both on overall price and effectiveness.
However, TT16 is not without merits. It is relatively inexpensive and does satisfy the desire for a “one-size-fits-all” approach to automotive lubricants. If you are unsure about what product you need, Sea Foam’s Trans Fix will probably help.
Overall, Sea Form TT16’s best use is as a pre-fill cleaner. It does a fantastic job of cleaning out all the excess gunk and garbage inside your transmission. While it doesn’t compare with some of the more premium brands, it still does a reasonably good job, especially at this price point.

Pros

Jack-of-all-trades automotive lubricant
American company
Best pre-fill cleaner
Cheap
Also a power steering/hydraulic lubricant.

Cons

Small container (16oz.)
Outclassed by better, more specific products

8. Best Transmission Additive for Rubber Seals: Hapco Pro-Seal

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Why we like it: Hapco offers the most comprehensive stop-leak related to rubber seals. Its near-universal application sets it apart from system-specific products.
Editor’s Rating:

Compatibility: All Transmissions
Founded in Detroit in 1960, Hapco started selling vinyl and upholstery cleaners to local gas stations in Michigan. Since then, they have added to their line-up. Pro-Seal has been their best seller ever since its inception. The company has expanded, and its products are now available worldwide.
The Hapco Pro-Seal treats rubber seal related leaks in transmissions and engines, differentials, power steering, and hydraulic systems. Pro-Seal is formulated to restore old rubber seals by improving their flexibility and elasticity while also increasing the seals’ tensile strength. It does this thanks to its ester-based formulation that does not include dangerous petroleum solvents like some lesser brands.
One important thing to note is that Hapco’s Pro-Seal does not claim to fix anything other than leaks relating to rubber seals. If you are having rough shifts or slipping gears, use an additive such as the zMax 51-306 instead.
We would recommend the Hapco Pro-Seal to customers who don’t mind spending a little bit more money for a universal stop leak. The fact that it can be used on so many different parts extends this product’s usefulness substantially.
Pro-Seal comes in a small 8-ounce bottle and is usually enough for a single treatment since the formula is so highly concentrated. Hapco recommends using 1 ounce per quart of oil in your transmission. Some smaller cars will not need the entire bottle. Make sure to check your owners manual to see how much transmission fluid your vehicle needs.
Overall, Hapco’s Pro-Seal is one of the better universal stop-leaks. It makes a noticeable difference in the rubber transmission seals’ texture and elasticity and leaves you extra fluid for the next leak. Unfortunately, you also pay for that excess fluid, so the overall cost per application is similar to most other products. We recommend picking up a bottle even if it just sits on your shelf, waiting for the day you need to plug up a rubber-based leak.

Pros

Plasticizer without solvents
Universal rubber seal leak fix
Made in America
Stops leaks & rejuvenates seals

Cons

Pricey
Stop leak only

9. Best Gel Transmission Additive: XADO Atomic Metal Conditioner Maximum (Manual or Automatic)

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Why we like it: XADO shows the rest of the world what the future of transmission additives could be, moving away from liquid-based formulas and towards gel-based lubricants and repair products.
Editor’s Rating:

Compatibility: Automatic or Manual
Xado Chemicals is a Ukrainian company founded after the dissolution of the U.S.S.R., where they have manufactured and marketed many automotive lubricants and additives. They are a primary sponsor of the European soccer club Shakhtar Donetsk. It is also the largest anti-friction lubricant manufacturer globally, holding approximately 24% of the worldwide market share. XADO’s reach is mainly due to its expansion into China and the European Union.
Xado’s Atomic Metal Conditioner is a metal revitalizer. What the Hapco Pro-Seal is for rubber seals, Xado’s entry is for metal. This super condensed formula is added directly to your transmission fluid and starts revitalizing the metal components inside. One syringe treats up to 10 liters of transmission fluid and needs to be reapplied every 60,000 miles.
If your transmission doesn’t feel the same as it used to but isn’t leaking, this product might be right for you. If you notice irregular shifting, grinding, or excessive noise even after a full ATF flush, then the Atomic Metal Conditioner will be the right choice. The formula restores metal finishes, eliminating surface defects by filling in the missing metal at an atomic level by combining it into the existing material.
Xado’s Atomic Metal Conditioner has been proven to increase viscosity by up to 200%. It is even more impressive when you consider that you only need 30mL to restore the metal inside your transmission. The restorative nature of the product is consistent between both the manual and automatic transmission additives.
If the price were more in line with its competitors, it would probably be a more popular option. Sadly, this is essentially a more expensive version of the Liqui Moly 20040. Despite the hefty price tag, the impressive performance of XADO’s gel-based additive is unmatched.
This product is a clear indicator of where this market is going in the future. Transmission additives are moving away from the solvent and ester-based liquid formulations and towards a condensed, highly compact gel that is easily handled and applied with minimal hassle.

Pros

Ultra-condensed formula
Available for manual or automatic transmissions
Repairs damaged metal
Future of transmission additives

Cons

Very expensive
Imported

10. Best CVT Transmission Additive: Bar’s Leaks 1414 CVT Transmission FIX

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Why we like it: Bar’s Leaks offers one of the only CVT-specific transmission additives on the market. At the very least, this can delay expensive repairs for a fraction of the cost.
Editor’s Rating:

Compatibility: CVT
Bar’s Leaks is a Detroit-based company founded in 1947 and is still manufacturing and focusing on a single-product market, stop-leaks. They produce many different additives for transmissions, power steering units, and cooling systems. They have a solid reputation for providing quick fixes to significant annoyances or inconveniences.
Bar’s Leaks 1414 CVT Transmission FIX is designed to stop leaks and revitalize seals and should be seen as a procrastination tool rather than a repair. It lubricates and plasticizes some of the CVT-specific belts with the intention to postpone expensive maintenance. Unfortunately, CVTs are more fragile, and thus, additive driven fixes are usually only a temporary relief.
This additive is not intended for preventative maintenance but rather a stop-gap measure between discovering an issue and replacing your transmission. You may get a few weeks or even a few months of added time, depending on your CVT’s overall condition and the extent of the leaks or damage. We only recommend this product for those who cannot afford a significant car repair and need to buy some time.
Unlike other companies such as Liqui Moly and Hot Shot’s Special, Bar’s Leaks does not appear to have made any of their scientific research or findings public. This lack of transparency feels shady to us. We like to see companies that release products with the appropriate certifications and scientific data to back up their claims.
If you’re in a tight spot with a damaged or dying CVT transmission, Bar’s Leaks may offer you a temporary lifeline. However, don’t expect this to solve all of your issues. CVTs are notorious for suffering catastrophic failures, and this product is mostly a bandaid for a festering mechanical wound.

Pros

Specifically designed for CVT
Made in America
Stops leaks & rejuvenates seals

Cons

No public scientific data/research
Not very reliable
Not for preventative maintenance

Guide to Selecting the Right Transmission Additive in 2020
Though they often look the same at a glance, all transmission additives are not created equal. To make sure that you buy an additive that will both work for your vehicle and do what you want it to, keep the following in mind.
Types of Transmissions
There are three major types of transmissions, and knowing which one you own is the most critical determinate in making a purchasing decision.
Automatic Transmissions
Automatic Transmissions are the most common type of transmission in passenger vehicles today in the United States. Automatic Transmissions do not require you to shift or put in the clutch. You simply put the car in drive or reverse and get a move on. Automatics are the ideal option for ease of use and longevity combined as they generally last well over 150,000 miles and do not require much maintenance aside from the routine fluid change. Many common additives work with automatics, including our top overall pick.
Manual Transmissions
Manual transmissions are somewhat of a dying breed when it comes to traditional passenger vehicles. They are most commonly found today in sports cars and 4x4s. A manual transmission requires the driver to shift through gears, either assisted or unassisted.
Manuals, or standards, are seen as the hardest to learn how to drive with but still have their enthusiasts. Manual transmission additives are primarily designed to reduce heat and increase viscosity to keep the gearbox running cool and smooth. Additives that work with manuals, like this affordable but excellent Lucas additive are also common.
CVT Transmissions
Continuous Variable Transmissions (CVT) are generally more complicated than traditional automatic transmissions, and when something goes wrong, it is usually a costly repair. They are also the hardest to work on due to their belt or chain-driven design. Most newer Japanese vehicles run on a CVT, including most Hondas, Toyotas, Subarus, Lexus, and Nissans.
These transmissions require specialty transmission additives because of the belt-chain drives. These formulas are usually designed towards cleaning and stabilizing the internals of the CVT. They ensure that the belt/chain doesn’t slip or experience unwanted friction.
Some popular additives for standard automatics work well with CVTs, but there are also a few CVT-specific options on the market.
Types of Transmission Additives
What if you broke your leg, and your doctor gave you a knee brace and said, “In a few weeks, wearing this, you’ll be good as new.” You would probably simultaneously laugh and cry because of the ridiculousness of your doctor. Using the wrong transmission additive in a struggling transmission will have the same predictable results. It probably won’t fix your issue, and even if it does make the problem less obvious, underneath, the problem will still be there.
Stop Leak
Stop Leak formulations like the Liqui Moly 20040 ATF Additive usually use some combination of plasticizers and elasticizers to expand and repair existing rubberized seals. These are most commonly used in vehicles with automatic transmissions. Some companies use ester to combat leakage, while others use a mineral-based petroleum compound to stop leaks. Some even use a combination of the two.
It is crucial to double-check each additive’s active ingredients, especially if you own a CVT-propelled vehicle. CVTs should never have petroleum-based additives added to their existing fluid. The solvent can erode individual copper and electrical internalities that a CVT relies on for stable, consistent running.
If you see fluid on your garage floor or your driveway, this is the most likely remedy to your situation.
Rejuvenators
The other primary type is metal restorers and rejuvenators. These tend to work by combining and repairing, at an elemental level, the damaged, scuffed metal parts inside of a transmission that causes excessive noise, irregular shifting experience, or grinding. These products are generally also designed to remove gunky build-up known as stiction or varnish.
If you hear a rattling or crunching sound coming when you try to shift, a rejuvenating additive like Hot Shot’s Secret Shift Restore may be the answer to your prayers.
Friction Enhancer
Friction Enhancers are a specific sub-type of transmission fluid additive. They are not used for any particular problem, but rather as a way to affordably increase the quality of your existing transmission fluid by converting cheap conventional oil to a synthetic or semi-synthetic fluid.
Friction enhancing additives are sometimes combined with either a stop-leak or metal restorer to do two jobs with one product. One example of this is the Lucas LUC10009.
If you recently purchased a new-to-you used car and are unsure of the transmission state, a friction enhancer would be the safest bet to ensure long transmission life.
How Do I Use a Transmission Additive?
Always ensure your safety by wearing safety glasses, gloves, and a mask while using transmission additives. These fluids can have dangerous side effects if ingested or have contact with your skin or eyes. The fumes from many of these products can be quite intense, and so a mask will ensure that you are not directly breathing in these toxic chemicals.
Once you’ve donned your PPE, it’s a simple DIY job: just get under the hood, pull out the dipstick, and use a funnel to pour the amount indicated on the container—usually the whole thing. All that’s left is to go for a short drive—try to get out for at least thirty minutes, and shift through all of your gears. Once you’re done, the additive should be good untill you need to fully change your transmission fluid.
Disposing of Transmission Additives
The disposal of these products and excess transmission fluid should be done properly and legally.
Collect old fluid from your transmission flush in an appropriately sized drain pan, usually at least 3 gallons.
Pour the liquid from the drain-pan into a leak-proof container or containers. Funnels or milk jugs make this a lot easier.
Find a local automotive fluid collection site. Some local waste facilities will have the capability of disposing of hazardous waste properly. If this does not apply to you, you can also check with chain auto-supply stores as many will accept the waste.
Drop off the old fluid. A few waste management companies will come to you, but more likely than not, you will need to take it to a local auto supply store. Ensure your seals are tight as you don’t want to spill that waste all over your vehicle.
Use the Environmental Protection Agency’s website to determine where you should dispose of your old oil and other automotive fluids.
Wrapping up
There are so many potential benefits from regularly using a transmission additive, both long-term and short-term. The best transmission additives can save you money, reduce wear and tear, reverse leaks, and repair damaged parts. Preventative maintenance is crucial to ensuring your vehicle has the longest life it possibly can. We hope that this guide has empowered you to make the correct decision regarding selecting a suitable additive for your transmission. More

Brakes are something you don’t really want to think about. That’s because usually if you are thinking about them, it means they aren’t working so well. Trailer brakes are no exception. When you tow a heavy load, you don’t want to be wondering whether or not the trailer will stop. The first step towards peace of mind is when towing is making sure you have a good brake controller. If you don’t have one, then good news. This guide is for you.

Tips on Choosing a Trailer Brake Controller
Since trailer brake controllers are all supposed to do the same thing – bring a trailer to a stop – there isn’t much variety in how they function. That’s good; it means no matter what you choose, you will get something that works.
The most significant ways they differ concern how they mount, how you use them, and how much control they give you. If you know what you’re looking for, you can jump straight to our reviews. If not, read on and we’ll go over the key things to think about.
Mounting Locations
This is the most straightforward category since it just concerns where you put the thing. It is probably one of the biggest influences on choosing a controller. It directly affects how easy it will be to install and whether or not it will fit your lifestyle.
Under Dash
Under dash boxes are the most common brake interface. They are often simple black boxes with some LEDs on them, and they hang down near the steering wheel for easy access while you drive.
In-Dash
In-dash modules can be bought in two ways. Universal modules are simple dials or buttons that you mount in your dash after drilling a hole or finding an empty space. Check out the Spectrum controller on our list for an example of this type.
The other way to get an in-dash button is to buy a controller meant to work with your vehicle. Most trucks have accessory bays in the dash already. All you have to do is buy the right module for your year and model and click it in. We have one on our list for an F150, but there are a lot more out there.
Trailer Mount
Some brake controllers mount directly to the trailer. These tend to be expensive but powerful. Sometimes they include wireless controls, like the Autowbrake controller that we recommend. Sometimes they just don’t have any controls and rely entirely on sensors to operate.
Formats and Interfaces
There are only 3 controls you really need on a brake controller: one for the power level, one for sensitivity, and one for emergency braking. Some controllers will have more options. Advanced controllers may have modes that you can select. Timed controllers will have a separate way to set the time it takes for the brakes to come on.
What will change from unit to unit is how you operate those controls. The levels will either be controlled by a + and – button or a little thumb dial. The emergency stop is most often a slide switch, but some companies use a much more simple button press.
Uncommon Interfaces
The interfaces do sometimes get crazy. The Echo controller we recommend uses your cell phone to control it – so you get a full touch screen interface. The monster Tekonsha module we recommend uses a funky walky-talky looking thing as the interface.
Other Features to Consider
Since sending a signal to a brake system is not a complicated process, once you’ve decided on how you want to install it and how you want to interact with it, you are pretty much there.
That being said, there are still other features and words you will come across as you research them, so we’ll touch on them here.
Proportional vs. Timed
Trailer brake controllers can either be proportional or timed. Proportional is the ideal way to go about it. In fact, we only recommend one timed controller, and even then, we don’t suggest it for anything other than occasional towing. We go way more in-depth in our full guide if you are curious.
Wireless
Wireless controllers don’t have wires that need to run from the dash to the trailer. Most of them still have wires though, either for plugging the receiver into the trailer itself or to power the transmitter. Except for the Echo controller, which is really, truly wireless.
Axles
Trailer brake controllers can only control a certain number of brakes. They express this number by telling you the number of axles they support. A three-axle controller can support six brakes since each axle will usually have two brakes. Almost all controllers nowadays are three or four axles rated, so it’s not something the average person needs to be concerned about. If you have a five-axle trailer, you probably know more about towing than this guide might be able to teach you.
Leveling, Sensing, and Accelerometers
This category gets really complicated, so we’ll go over it more in our full guide. All trailer controllers have some manner of sensors to tell when they need to engage. It’s best to let the manufacturer figure out what the most effective sensors for their unit are.
With the basics out of the way, let’s get into the products. Like with most review lists, you should choose the one that fits your situation best, not the one we like the best. We have to balance a lot of factors, like price and accessibility. We’ve made our best effort to bring all the relevant things to your attention, but only you can decide which features are the most important to you.

Top 10 Best Trailer Brake Controllers 2020

1. Best Overall Brake Controller: Tekonsha Primus IQ

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Why we like it: The Tekonsha Primus IQ is the perfect balance between price, control, and quality.
Editor’s Rating:

Where It Goes
The Primus IQ is your everyday standard under-dash mounted black box controller. You bolt the bracket to wherever you can reach from the driver’s seat and then attach the controller to the bracket.
The only thing that sets this Tekonsha apart compared to the very similar Curt controller is that it also includes a snap-in bracket for even more mounting options. You don’t have to only mount it under a surface. If you have space, feel free to attach it wherever you can.
How to Use It
This is a super standard, straightforward unit. You squeeze the slide button to activate the brakes manually, and the sensitivity is automatically calibrated. You can boost the power level temporarily by pressing the button on the top and cycling through a few different modes, and you can adjust the power level with the little dial on the side.
The LED display on the front is easy to read, and it will display problem codes if you have a problem. All in all, it’s just a really simple, easy to use unit. Even if you know nothing about trailer brake controllers, you can probably get into a vehicle with this unit and figure out how it works.
Our Thoughts
Oftentimes for us it comes down to the answer to one question: if you could only recommend one unit, which one would it be? It would have to be the product most likely to work for everyone. It would also have to be intuitive to use, and it can’t be too expensive. It might not be the best at any one thing, but it will probably work for anyone.
That’s what the Primus IQ is. It’s not the highest quality. In fact, the plastic might wear out and snap over time, and the manual override button sometimes feels terrible. Check out the Curt controller if you need more durability. The Primus also isn’t the cheapest on our list. That honor goes to the only timed option we recommend here.
It does represent the best balance between features, quality, usability, and price. And that’s why we can safely say that if you only want one option, it’s the Tekonsha Primus IQ.

Pros

Great value
Easy to use
Comes with multiple mounting options

Cons

Doesn’t feel very sturdy
The brake button doesn’t inspire confidence

2. Best-Looking Brake Controller: Curt Spectrum Original

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Why we like it: The Curt Spectrum is controlled by a simple, stylish dial that you can mount anywhere on your dashboard.
Editor’s Rating:

Where It Goes
The Curt Spectrum is actually two individual units. A box that can be mounted anywhere, and a dial that you should mount somewhere on your dash. By separating the box and the controls, you can do a super clean install and make it look like a factory feature.
How good it looks all comes down to how much DIY you want to do. Even if you just stick the control knob onto the face of a blank panel, it will still look better than an under-mount unit like the Tekonsha controller Where it can really get amazing, though, is if you are willing to drill a hole and mount that knob through a blank panel. That’s how you make it look like it came from the assembly line with it installed.
How to Use It
Since the only control the Curt Spectrum controller has is a single dial, it’s safe to say that the thing is pretty easy to use. You press it like a button to apply the brakes manually, and you turn the dial to change the power. It will calibrate itself, so you don’t even need to do that.
The downside is that the push button only comes on at full power, so there is no proportional braking if you need to override the sensors. That’s usually not a huge issue; if you have to come to an emergency stop, you want all the power you can get. If you do a lot of gravel or snow driving and you want ultimate control, though, go ahead and grab something like the more traditional Tekonsha Primus controller we recommend.
Our Thoughts
We love it when a product looks good inside the cab of the vehicle. We also love it when a product is super easy to use. The Curt Spectrum is both. In fact, we are confident in saying that it’s the easiest to use controller on our list. The LED lights fill up like a volume bar to display the power, so you don’t have to decipher arbitrary numbers. It doesn’t have any other buttons or switches.
It does cost a lot, though. It works great, and it’s worth the price, especially if you really value how the interior of your vehicle looks. There is one other unit like the spectrum on our list, and it’s cheaper. It’s made by Reese, but it definitely doesn’t look nearly as good.

Pros

Looks great
Very easy to use
Self-calibrating

Cons

Brake override is either on or off
A little expensive for a standard controller

3. Best Premium Brake Controller: Tekonsha Prodigy RF

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Why we like it: It costs a lot, but the Tekonsha Prodigy RF is worth every penny if you have a trailer full of horses to protect. There isn’t a better single trailer system on the market.
Editor’s Rating:

Where It Goes
The brain of the Tekonsha Prodigy mounts directly to your trailer. It ties directly into the wiring of the trailer and takes over as the main interface between your vehicle and the trailer’s electrical. We do mean take over, too. You have to rout the lights, brakes, and signals into the Tekonsha box since it also replaces your trailer’s connection cable. If that sounds like more DIY than you want to do, take a look at the Echo controller instead.
The actual controls are mounted to a wireless controller that sits in your cabin, or anywhere with a 12v outlet. It’s just a simple handheld box that looks kind of like the mouthpiece to an old CB radio.
How to Use It
The biggest advantage of a trailer-mounted control box is that you can tow the trailer with any vehicle and still control the brakes. That does give it an edge in usability over many other gadgets just because you don’t have to calibrate or change the settings very often.
However, the wireless element to it can add some frustrations. Like when your phone refuses to pair with your BT radio, the controller will sometimes just refuse to play nicely. It’s not a problem once it’s paired, but it just gets picky sometimes when you unplug the 12v source to the controller.
Our Thoughts
The dominating feature of the Tekonsha when you compare it to other trailer brake controllers is the price. We hate pointing that out because it’s really, really good, but it’s impossible to ignore. It’s also harder to install than other units, it takes more learning to use, and it only works with one trailer.
The benefits, though, can quickly make up for the hefty price tag. First off, if you have something like a shared trailer for horses or a boat, then there’s no substitute for a unit like this that can be used by any vehicle. We do mean any vehicle. Since you wire it directly into the trailer, you can configure it to work with trucks and SUVs that don’t have a tow package at all.
Second, it’s probably the best brake controller in terms of functionality on our list. It auto-calibrates itself, has a ton of advanced sensors for smooth operation, and is bulletproof. If you have really important cargo, like horses, it’s best to splurge a little and get that extra quality.

Pros

High-quality
Attaches to the trailer instead of the vehicle
Can be used with vehicles that have no factory controller wiring

Cons

Very expensive
Has a complicated install process

4. Best Budget Brake Controller: Reese Towpower

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Why we like it: Sometimes, you just need a simple, no-frills controller that won’t break the bank. If that’s the case, the Reese Towpower is perfect.
Editor’s Rating:

Where It Goes
The Reese Towpower is another standard, under-mount brake controller. There’s nothing special about the way it installs; you just anchor the bracket to the underside of a surface.
It is a pretty cheap, simple bracket. You can’t even adjust the controller’s angle, rather it just hangs there from a couple screws. That can be kind of annoying, especially if you pump it with your knee and accidentally loosen it up.
How to Use It
There is a plus and minus button to control the boost, and there is a separate set of plus and minus buttons to control the gain. The brake override is a simple slide switch.
Other than that, there are no hidden cool features or presets. You set all the options, and that’s what you get.
What really sets it apart from other budget options is that it’s still a proportional system, not a timed system. That alone means it’s easy enough to use. You don’t have to mess with it too much; there’s no synchronizing or timing you have to worry about. Just make sure the wheels on the trailer don’t lock when you come to a stop while driving.
Our Thoughts
The Reese Towpower is not the cheapest controller on the list. The cheapest controller on the list is the Curt Venturer, but it is time-based, and you don’t want that. We live in the future now. Proportional braking is safer and more comfortable to drive with than timed.
It is the least expensive proportional unit, though. That’s perfect if you need a brake controller, and you are on a budget. The buttons might break, the LED display might blink on and off sometimes, but it’ll control your trailer brakes just fine.

Pros

Inexpensive
Easy to use
Easy to install

Cons

Mount isn’t very good
Build quality is pretty low

5. Most High-Tech Brake Controller: Curt Echo Mobile

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Why we like it: The Echo is wireless and is easy to move from vehicle to vehicle. It’s the perfect thing for someone who only occasionally tows something.
Editor’s Rating:

Where It Goes
The Curt Echo is perhaps the craziest piece of tech that we have on our list, and frankly, we just think it’s neat to share the fact that it exists with people. One of the biggest reasons that it’s kind of crazy is because of where it mounts. It plugs into your trailer plug on your car, and then the trailer plugs into it.
That’s it. It doesn’t need mounting, wiring, or a dedicated vehicle/trailer. You control it with your phone, so there isn’t anything else to it. Plug it in, done.
How to Use It
This device is probably the most polarizing unit when it comes to ease of use. If you are familiar with app-controlled devices, you won’t have any issues. You install the app, pair it with the device, and follow the instructions on the screen.
People who don’t often use their cell phones to control gadgets might find it frustrating. BlueTooth can sometimes be a pain in the butt, cell phones can be a pain in the butt, and combining the two can be a pain in the butt. If you are not the type of person who is willing to troubleshoot connectivity issues, just get the Autobrake wireless brake controller instead. It comes with a key fob, no app needed.
The one thing that might piss everyone off is the big brake override button. While you are running the app, the brake override button is just a big button in the center of the screen, which is fine if you have your phone mounted in a place where you can reach it. It goes away if you get a call or drop your phone, and then you have no override button. That is not ideal.
Our Thoughts
There are some people who value new, innovative gadgets over tried and true tools. Some of them tow the occasional trailer, and the Echo was designed for them. It’s definitely not for everyone. People who aren’t into using their cell phones for everything or people who tow a lot of trailers will prefer a more traditional brake controller. Tech nerds, though, will absolutely love this thing.

Pros

Works on any vehicle
Works on any trailer too
Really easy to use if you are comfortable using cell phone apps

Cons

Really terrible to use if you are not comfortable using cell phone apps
The override button can disappear if you get a call

6. Best Trailer Mounted Brake Controller: Autowbrake Plug and Tow

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Why we like it: The Autowbrake is just a box you attach to your trailer; it doesn’t have any wires that need to be run through or take up any dash space.
Editor’s Rating:

Where It Goes
The Autowbrake is another trailer-mounted controller. Naturally, that means it mounts to your trailer rather than inside your truck or SUV.
Unlike our other trailer-mounted brake controller, you don’t have to replace the existing cable if you don’t want to. You can just splice this one in, which is a little easier than replacing the entire junction box.
We do recommend replacing the whole junction box with a new self-enclosed cable, like this one. It’s the sort of thing where if you are going to go through all the trouble to install this wicked-awesome brake controller, you might as well go the distance and make the wiring really neat and tidy too.
How to Use It
There are two separate processes when using the Autowbrake controller. The first process, the initial calibration, can be a bit tricky. The best way to understand is to just watch one of their representatives explain it. You have to calibrate every single brake controller on the market. The Autowbrake is just a little less intuitive than other units.
The good news is that the process of using it after you calibrate it is ridiculously easy. You get a keyfob with the controller. On the keyfob is a button in the center for the brake override, an up arrow to turn the braking force up, and a down arrow to turn the braking force down.
Our Thoughts
Can we be honest with you for a moment? The Autowbrake both costs less than the Tekonsha Prodigy controller, and it’s the one we’d recommend between the two. The Tekonsha is a little sturdier, and the remote control does give you more options than the Autowbrakes key fob. Also, there is less of an established user base for this controller. At the end of the day, though, the Autobrake is easier to work with and looks better. Call us vain, but we like saving money and looking good.

Pros

Attaches to the trailer instead of the car
You don’t have to replace the trailer cable if you don’t want too
The key fob controller is neat and easy to use

Cons

Calibration is a little complicated
Even though it’s easier to install than the other wireless unit, it’s still not easy to install

7. Most Durable Brake Controller: Curt TriFlex

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Why we like it: The Curt TriFlex is tough, simple, and is full of automatic sensors that make it easy to use.
Editor’s Rating:

Where It Goes
This is another one of those standard, under-mount controllers. Just like the Tekonsha Primus, it’s got a metal bracket that attaches to any surface, and then you attach the controller to the bracket. You splice it into the existing tow wiring, or you buy an adapter cable.
How to Use It
It’s got a single dial and a squeeze switch for the brakes. That’s it. There’s nothing on this list that is simpler to interact with. The level dial is big and friendly, and the squeeze switch is solid and feels high quality.
You might miss some of the fine-tunings that other controllers offer, but honestly, the TriFlex is so full of sensors you are probably better off letting it do the thinking.
Our Thoughts
It’s always tough reviewing a product that prides itself on being simple. We take that back; it’s tough to review a product that prides itself on being simple if it succeeded at its job. The TriFlex succeeds. It’s a stout, well-built unit that is everything you need to bring the largest trailer to a stop, and nothing you don’t.
The only thing stopping it from being the number one controller on the market is the price. We can safely say that if you have a work truck that takes a lot of abuse from day to day, it’s worth the price. It’ll outlast most other under dash units.

Pros

Sturdy
Easy to use
Full of sensors that make it work great

Cons

Expensive
No fine control options

8. Most Compact Brake Controller: Reese Towpower Compact IQ

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Why we like it: The entire Reese Compact is tiny, but it doesn’t skimp on functionality. It can be hidden anywhere, which is perfect for keeping your interior tidy.
Editor’s Rating:

Where It Goes
The Reese Compact is a lot like the Curt Spectrum controller in that it has a brain that can mount anywhere, and a knob that mounts to your dash. It’s tiny compared to the Curt. The knob is less than half the size, and the brain is barely a quarter of the size.
It’s not as clean to install, though. The backing plates are not as nice, the LED is separate from the knob assembly, and the whole thing just doesn’t look as good as the Curt Spectrum.
How to Use It
There’s no override button, so that’s bad. It’s also a bit fiddly. The knob is actually two separate knobs stacked on top of each other, one for the boost and one for the sensitivity. Sometimes turning them independently from each other is tricky.
Despite that, it’s got enough sensors that you don’t have to mess with it too much. It’s not complicated or anything. It’s just hard not to compare it to the much easier to use and understand Curt Spectrum.
Our Thoughts
We bash the Reese Compact IQ a little bit in the above sections, and that’s because it’s not as good looking or as easy to use as the Curt Spectrum. However, it does have one major advantage that makes it absolutely worth a look: it’s half the price.
Performance-wise you likely won’t notice a difference between the two, and other than the lack of override, there is little difference in function. That means if you can put up with the relative lack of good looks and the cheap-feeling knob, you do get a great deal with the Reese.

Pros

In-dash installation keeps your interior clean
Very compact and easy to install on any vehicle
Has enough sensors to keep operation easy

Cons

Ugly
No override feature

9. Best Cheap Brake Controller: Curt Venturer

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Why we like it: It’s dirt cheap, and it will stop a trailer eventually. Sometimes that’s all you need.
Editor’s Rating:

Where It Goes
The Curt Venturer is yet another standard black box controller that mounts to a metal bracket. It’s less adjustable than more expensive units like the Tekonsha Primus, but it’s not terrible to install.
How to Use It
This is the only time-based brake system we recommend, and that means that it’s the most difficult to use. It’s not difficult to set up or adjust or anything, but it’s the one that will take the most getting used to when it comes to driving.
See, unlike every other controller on the list, a time-based controller goes from no braking, ramps up to full braking, and stays that way until you take your foot off the brake. We’ll get more into it in the bottom section here, but basically, it’s like driving with a brake that’s on an on/off switch.
It will bring your trailer to a stop. As the driver, though, it will feel more like dropping an anchor. That can really tarnish the driving experience.
Our Thoughts
There’s nothing wrong with putting a time-based controller on a farm truck that rarely sees street use, or on the SUV you only keep around to tow the boat to the lake once a year. Time-based controllers are really cheap, and they work well enough to keep you on the road.
If you do drag a trailer somewhat often, though, spend the extra $20 on the Reese Towpower instead. You’ll have a better time towing, and you won’t have to worry about locking the wheels on your expensive trailer. Unless you are into impromptu smoke shows and premature tread wear. In that case, knock yourself out.

Pros

Cheap
It will activate the trailer brakes when you brake
Easy enough to install

Cons

The worst thing on our list for driving comfort
Will cause premature wear to parts on your trailer

10. Best In-Dash Brake Controller: Ensun In-Dash

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Why we like it: The F-150 is the most popular truck in the world, and it comes pre-wired for trailer brake controls. This unit takes advantage of that by simply dropping into a slot in the dash.
Editor’s Rating:

Where It Goes
In the 2015-2020 Ford F150, there is a blank cover down and to the right of the steering wheel. You pop that cover off and pull the wires out. Plug in this controller and snap it in.
Just as a note, these types of modules are not limited to Ford F150s. Other trucks like the Ram series and the Silverado series also have drop-in modules similar to this one. Just search your make, model and the words brake controller, and you will be able to see if there is an in-dash unit like this one for your vehicle.
Just be aware that some vehicles never had a factory tow option, and that means they are not wired for a brake controller. If they don’t have the wiring, chances are no one makes a dedicated dash controller for it.
How to Use It
Like most factory or factory looking devices, the Ensun In-Dash is as simple as can be to use. There’s a plus, a minus, and a slider for the override.
The really annoying thing about these devices is that there’s no display. Sometimes they work with the screens already in your truck. Sometimes they don’t; it depends entirely on how your vehicle is set up. Regardless, there’s not even a light-up LED gauge like the Spectrum controller has. You have to do it by feel, and that can take some getting used to.
Our Thoughts
These kinds of products only work for very specific circumstances. First, you have to have a truck, SUV, or crossover with a factory tow option. Second, at the time of purchasing the vehicle, the vehicle did not have that option selected. Most trucks fit the bill as many people will opt-out of the tow package when they buy them but might buy a trailer later on.
If that description fits you, and you value the factory look, these things are perfect. We recommend the Spectrum and the Compact IQ modules for everyone else who wants a factory look.

Pros

Very easy to install
Looks factory fresh
Easy to operate

Cons

There isn’t a module for every vehicle
The lack of display can be annoying

The Full Guide to Trailer Brake Controllers
It’s always amazing how something so simple can be so complicated, isn’t it? A brake controller controls brakes; why are there so many buttons and knobs? Don’t worry, we put together this guide to take all the mystery out of it and get you stopping in comfort as fast as possible.
What Does a Brake Controller Do?
Long story short, some trailers have electric brakes. In order to utilize them, you need a brain that sends a signal to the brakes and controls them. A controller for the brakes, as it were. There are trailers that use a different, non-electric brake system, but they don’t need a controller.
The brain works in one of two ways. We mentioned them before, but brake controllers either use a bunch of sensors and are proportional, or they use a simple electronic timer and are time-based.
Proportional
Proportional brake controllers have taken over as the standard way controllers work. 9/10 of the controllers we recommend are proportional, from the inexpensive Reese Towpower to the bank-breaking Tekonsha Prodigy. That’s largely because they are safer and easier to drive with. A proportional controller applies braking force to the trailer proportionally to the tow vehicle, so the trailer brakes feel much more connected to the brake pedal.
Sensors and Calibration
They do this using a bunch of sensors, and that’s where the only downside to proportional controllers comes in. You have to do some work to make sure all those sensors are working correctly. Most modern brake controllers are self-leveling and self-calibrating, but you have to give them time to calibrate and test them out before going on a long haul. Some controllers need your help calibrating, like the Autowbrake controller we love so much.
There are still controllers for sale that are not self-leveling. We don’t recommend any of those; it’s not worth it.
Just be sure to read the instructions, you’ll be fine.
Time-Based
Brake controllers that are timed are much simpler than proportional timers. The way they work is that when you press on the brake pedal in your car, a countdown starts in the brake controller. As the controller counts down, the percentage of trailer brake power increases.
For the sake of simplicity, let’s say the delay is set to 10ms. That means as soon as you press the brake pedal, the trailer is at 0% brake, and the timer begins counting down from 10ms. At 9ms, the trailer starts braking at 10% power, at 5ms, the trailer is braking at 50% max power, and at 0ms, the trailer’s brakes are fully applied. You can adjust the amount of delay in most units.
Problems With Time-Based Braking
The issue with that is that the trailer becomes an anchor. It either won’t brake as quickly as the tow vehicle because the delay is too long, or it will be trying to stop much faster than the tow vehicle. Overbraking is the more dangerous outcome since the wheels on the trailer can lock completely. Not only does that wear out your tires and brakes much faster than a proportional system, but it makes for a very unpleasant experience.
Time-based controllers aren’t all bad, though. First off, they are way cheaper than proportional controllers. If you have a big trailer and you need a brake controller, but don’t have a lot of cash, by all means, get one. We recommend the Curt unit here. They are still way better than nothing.
They also are much simpler and don’t need calibration or leveling. That really shouldn’t be a decision-maker; brakes are not something you want to take the easy route with. But if you have an old farm truck, just need something good enough, and that doesn’t require any messing with – then time-based controllers are fine.
[Image:https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/pickup-wehicle-horse-trailer-on-rocky-1069884806 alt text: towing a gooseneck trailer with a truck]
Installing a Brake Controller in Your Vehicle
One of the biggest questions you might have is, “can my car even use a brake controller?” The answer is yes, it’s just a matter of how much work you will have to do to install them. There are three loose categories that will affect how easy it is to install a brake controller.
Vehicles With a Brake Controller Option
If your car already has a tow package that includes an existing brake controller or spot for a brake controller, you are in luck. You just buy the module that fits in the factory location, like this one we recommend, and snap it in.
Vehicles That Are Pre-Wired for a Controller
Most of the time, if a vehicle can tow a trailer, it does have wiring for a brake controller. You simply have to mount the controller and buy the right adapter. The easiest thing to do, and the thing that will tell you instantly if your truck or SUV is pre-wired, is to google “make+model+year+brake controller wiring adapter.”
Once you have the adapter, you just install the controller in a place that you can reach it. Most people seem to prefer down and to the right of the steering wheel, but honestly, it’s up to you. Plug the controller into the adapter, plug the adapter into the factory harness, and you are good to go.
Vehicles That Are Not Pre-Wired
Suppose you have a smaller truck or another vehicle that isn’t normally known for towing. In that case, you probably don’t have factory wiring to tie into.
You have two options if your vehicle doesn’t have any factory wiring. The easiest is to just buy a wireless controller like the Echo controller we recommend. If your vehicle doesn’t even have a seven-pin output, we straight up recommend you don’t tow a big enough trailer to require brakes.
We know some people will do it anyway. Those people should get trailer-mounted wireless modules like the Tekonsha Prodigy. With those units, you can do all manner of DIY solutions.
The more difficult solution is to run your own wires. You only need 4, and they just need to go from your trailer connector to wherever you want to mount the controller. You can get away with 3 wires if you pull the power from somewhere else. Honestly, if you consider this option, you probably already know what you need to do and don’t need us saying anything.
Using the Controller
Every controller is a little different, so it’s important to read the directions. However, there are some general tips and tricks to help you get the most out of the experience.
Calibrate the controller: Read the directions supplied and follow them to calibrate the controller. It’s an important step and one that is missed surprisingly often.
Do test stops before getting on major roads: If you can, get up to 45mph and do some test stops with your trailer off the main roads. You don’t want to discover that something is wrong after you merge onto the highway.
Don’t be afraid of the adjustments. Read this guide. It’s written by Curt, who you’ll recognize as one of the major manufacturers we recommend. Not only does it have really straightforward instructions for getting your settings right. It also has pictures that illustrate a lot of the concepts we talk about in this article.
Stop and pull over if you think something is wrong. If you’re worried about your brakes, or something feels off, stop driving and diagnose the issue. Brake controllers can malfunction or be installed incorrectly; if the brakes feel wrong, stop driving. It’s not worth it.
Enjoy a Worry-Free Adventure
Whether you are towing a trailer full of quads to tear up the dunes, or you are towing a bobcat to dig a new flower bed, you are probably going on an adventure. If you are towing a heavy trailer with no brake controller, your adventure will be more horror movie and less Indiana Jones. Don’t do that to yourself. Grab one of the black boxes we recommend, install it, and enjoy worry-free towing. More