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    Gensol EV Spotted Testing For The First Time – 3W EV Will Pack ADAS, Auto Park

    Gensol EV spotted testingConsidering Gensol EV spotted testing has three wheels, it might be sold as a motor tricycle and may require just a motorcycle licensePrimarily known for its solar business, Gensol Group is now foraying into electric car business. The company aims to provide urban mobility solutions to reduce city congestion. Last month, the company teased Gensol EV online and the car is now spotted in testing — hat tip to automotive enthusiast K Pratham who spotted this test mule in Chakan, Pune.Gensol EV Spotted Testing For The First TimeThe electric car startup, Gensol Electric Vehicles PVT LTD, has set up a base in India’s biggest auto cluster, Pune. The HQ seems to be in Mundhwa, Pune and the manufacturing facility is in Chakan, boasting production capacity of 30,000 units per year. The test mule is running temporary registration provided by Chinchwad RTO and the plates read ‘on test’.Gensol aims at affordable EV category that has very few action. We’re talking about a segment that will sit below MG Comet EV in terms of pricing and above PMV. Refreshing your memory, PMV has launched a mini electric car in India for Rs. 4.79 lakh (ex-sh). It is a four-door, two-seater (back-to-back) electric car with interior parts from Honda cars.Other players are toying with launch plans in this segment too. We’re talking about Ligier Mygi, a French contender, running for this segment whose test mules have been spotted in India too. Renault is planning Kwid EV that will end up in this segment as well. So, this is a potent segment for Gensol to target.Gensol EV 3-Door TeasedBut there is one oddity with the Gensol EV which is absent in the expected rivals we just mentioned. Which is, Gensol EV is a 3W vehicle, something that even PMV is not. The 3W architecture has two wheels at front and one at the back. So, it doesn’t look like a rickshaw or a Reliant Robin (Jeremy Clarkson would approve).How the seating arrangement could be?Considering Gensold EV spotted testing is aimed at affordable urban electric mobility, we might see a small battery pack capable of 200 km claimed and 150 km of real-world range and a single motor FWD layout, driving both front wheels. Top speed is claimed to 80 km/h. Gensol EV may provide seating for four adults (three in comfort) and a decently sized boot space.Doors are limited to just two and then a tailgate. Gensol is going for a tallboy design, which might be concerning to prospective buyers. High centre of gravity and three wheels are like oil and water. Gensol is developing ADAS tech and auto parking features too, that will be offered with their maiden EV. On the inside, there are two electric windows, manual AC, Android-based touchscreen infotainment (likely aftermarket), a single-pane sunroof and more.Gensol EV DashboardThis particular test mule had basic halogen reflector-style tail lights. Looking at rear section, Gensol might be using axle braking instead of wheel braking for rear single wheel. There might be RWD setup too looking at all the camouflaged components around rear wheel. Launch might happen around 2025 and the price might be below MG Comet’s. The main question remains, though – Can we drive it with a motorcycle license? More

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    Tata Punch EV Buyers Get Price Quotes Ahead Of Launch – Tata Calls It A Glitch

    Tata Punch EV PriceThe new Tata Punch EV buyers have received a price quotation via email from Tata Motors ahead of the electric car’s launchIndia’s highest-selling electric car maker is Tata Passenger Electric Mobility, a subsidiary of Tata Motors. The company yesterday revealed Punch EV in official pictures and commenced bookings too. But the prices seem to have leaked from Tata’s booking portal with many buyers who booked Punch EV, reported getting price quotations.Tata Punch EV Buyers Get Price QuotesThe company’s newest electric car is Punch.ev which was revealed ahead of launch yesterday. Punch EV will debut company’s acti.ev pure-electric platform on which future products will be based. Bookings for Tata Punch EV (sold as Punch.ev) commenced yesterday. Official prices are to be revealed at launch.However, many Punch EV buyers who booked their new electric car, reported that Tata Motors gave them a price quotation for their booked variant via email. One buyer (X handle techgeeksid) who booked Punch EV LR (Long Range) Adventure (without sunroof) with a 3.3 kW charger, got a quote via email from Tata Motors for a price of Rs. 13,73,846 (ex-sh).Another Punch EV buyer (X handle Hariraj_Rathod) booked a top-spec Punch EV LR Empowered Plus (with sunroof) with a 3.3 kW charger via Shreeji Automart dealership and he received a price quotation in the email for Rs. 16,13,729 (ex-sh). This was not supposed to happen, as per Tata Motors.Tata Punch EV owners get price quotesAre the quoted prices wrong, though?The company quickly got to damage control and posted on X saying “Technical hiccup alert! The prices making the rounds of Punch.ev are because of a system glitch. We’re actively addressing it, and the official prices will be disclosed at launch. Thanks for your patience!”. Tesla Club India X account highlighted these glitches.However, the company didn’t mention whether the quoted prices were wrong or valid. Something similar happened with Nexon facelift launch in September 2023 where base model price was leaked as Rs. 7.39 lakh by tatanexonofficial official Instagram handle. Then, company’s official response to that had the word “inaccurate” in it.This turned out to be true later on as Nexon’s prices started from Rs. 8.1 lakh. That said, we would wager that the quoted price Punch EV buyers got, is highly likely to be true as the company didn’t directly deny these leaked prices. Or a glitch, as they call it.Prices to not exceed Rs. 17 lakh?In effect, Tata Punch EV prices for top-spec models could stay well under Rs. 17 lakh (ex-sh). Hariraj Rathod’s quoted price was Rs. 16.13 lakh for a top-spec model for a 3.3 kW AC charger. Considering that there may be a Dark Edition or a variant with a 7.2 kW AC charger, sub Rs. 17 lakh (ex-sh) prices are very probable.Punch EV’s direct competitor is Citroen eC3 and Renault’s Kiger EV is incoming too. Citroen eC3’s top-spec variant is Feel Vibe Pack DT and it tops out at Rs. 13 lakh (ex-sh) and significantly lacks in features when compared to soon-to-be-launched Punch EV. More

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    Tata Punch EV Bookings Open – Debuts acti.ev Platform, Gets A Frunk Too

    Tata Punch EV Bookings OpenThe new acti.ev platform is a dedicated pure-ev platform that will underpin Tata Punch EV along with other future vehiclesAmong the Indian electric car manufacturers, one brand outshines the others with unparalleled dominance. That brand is Tata Motors. The company recently greenlighted its dedicated EV showrooms providing curated experience for EV buyers. The newest entrant to Tata’s EV portfolio is Punch EV.Tata Punch EV Bookings OpenRight now, Tata Passenger Electric Mobility (TPEM), subsidiary of Tata Motors, sells three electric cars in India. These are Tiago EV, Tigor EV and Nexon EV. The company’s fourth electric offering for Indian market is Punch EV and it is set to light up the electric car stage on fire (not literally).Bookings for the same has commenced for a token amount of Rs. 21,000. These bookings can be placed via Tata Motors Dealerships authorised for EV sales or by visiting Tata.ev dedicated electric car showrooms. The price increment over ICE Punch is likely to be around Rs. 5 lakh as it is debuting a brand new dedicated electric car platform.Punch EV gets a revised design with a radical new fascia similar to Nexon EV. It looks more sophisticated than before. The charging port is in the front, housed in its closed-off grill.[embedded content]Debuts acti.ev PlatformAbbreviated to Advance Connected Tech-Intelligent Electric Vehicle, acti.ev platform is a dedicated electric car platform developed by Tata Motors. This is a pure-electric architecture that will debut with soon-to-be-launched Punch EV (sold as Punch.ev). This new platform will form the baseline on which future Tata EVs will be based.This acti.ev (read active) platform will support multiple sizes for chassis and multiple body styles as well. Upcoming Tata Curvv EV, Harrier EV and Safari EV might be based on this new platform and not Ziptron architecture seen with Tiago EV, Tigor EV and Nexon EV. Because acti.ev is a dedicated pure electric platform, there is a Frunk (front trunk) beneath the bonnet too.The company mentioned key pillars for their new pure-ev platform. They are Performance, Technology, Modularity and Space Efficiency. These pillars further consist of four layers too. These are Powertrain, Chassis, Electrical Architecture and Cloud Architecture.Tata Punch EV Fascia1. PowertrainTata promises advanced battery pack design with global standards with 10% improvement over Ziptron architecture in energy density. The scalable platform allows for battery pack variations with minimum of 300 km range all the way till 600 km. Modularity allows for FWD, RWD and AWD configurations too. Charging speeds have seen a bump too, with up to 11 kW AC and 150 kW DC compatibility.2. ChassisTata Motors is historically known to make Indian-road-worthy vehicles that offer excellent ride quality with precise suspension setup. The new body structure associated with acti.ev platform for Punch and future vehicles are said to meet future NCAP safety protocols. Being a dedicated EV platform, there is a front trunk and flat floor too.Tata Punch EV Design3. Electrical Architectureacti.ev is pitted as a future-ready architecture offering possibilities of high computing powers that should allow for a seamless L2 ADAS suite. Company claims L2+ ADAS possibilities too. It is 5G ready as well ensuring a host of connected features. Just like recent Nexon EV, acti.ev platform supports reverse charging in the form of V2L (Vehicle 2 Load) and V2V (Vehicle 2 Vehicle) tech too.4. Cloud ArchitectureLastly, acti.ev boasts of cloud architecture too with enhanced user experience, newly introduced Arcade.ev app suite along with future software updates and other features.Tata Punch EV Debuts acti.ev platform More

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    Honda Project ACE Will Spawn Elevate-Based EV By 2026

    Honda ElevateA BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle) based on Elevate SUV is likely to be the first product under Honda Project ACEHonda Cars India has a game plan for launching 5 SUVs by 2030 and the Elevate is first of these offerings. Recent reports mention that the company is developing a new EV which could be based on Elevate’s design and platform. Internally known as Project ACE, this development might mark Honda’s first-ever BEV to Indian market.Honda Project ACE will spawn Elevate EV In 2026The new Elevate enters a segment wherein it will find itself competing with a host of well-established compact SUVs that currently commanding the segment. These include Hyundai Creta, Kia Seltos, Volkswagen Taigun, Skoda Kushaq, Maruti Suzuki Grand Vitara, Toyota Urban Cruiser Hyryder, MG Astor and Citroen C3 Aircross.The electric version of Elevate will compete with Mahindra XUV400, MG ZS EV and upcoming Tata Curvv, Hyundai Creta EV and the likes. Reportedly, this new Elevate based EV under Project ACE (Asian Compact Electric) is codenamed DG9D and the company is likely to manufacture it in India and export it globally including markets like Japan.The expected volume for this vehicle might hover around 1 lakh units per year. Majority of that volume might be targeted at global markets, with spare for Indian buyers. At Elevate launch event in Delhi, the company has set forth its roadmap to launch 5 new SUVs by 2030.Honda Elevate DashboardHonda is skipping the hybrid phase that a few other Japanese manufacturers have been holding on to dearly. Instead, Honda will launch BEVs directly, the first of which will be based on ICE-powered Elevate SUV. Launch could happen in 2026 and share many of its components with its ICE cousin and strike an attractive price point.Electric Iteration of Honda Elevate to launch by 2025-26Honda India’s senior management has confirmed that the company’s manufacturing plant in Tapukara, Rajasthan will undergo a retooling process, starting in 2024. The purpose is to accommodate EV production and there may be a bump in production capacity with significant capital investment earmarked for the same.Elevate is a global product too and is set to be exported to multiple nations starting from Japan, where it will be sold as WR-V. Just like ICE Elevate, Honda India is keen on exporting its EV derivative as well. With an increase in production and inclusion of new EVs under Project ACE, company’s exports could double by 2025 when compared to present data.When that happens, international business could account for up to 40% of total Honda Cars India’s sales. More info regarding Project ACE and the EVs falling under it (Including Elevate EV) will be revealed in the coming months.Source More

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    Tata Punch EV Debut Today With Long and Medium Range – Official Teaser

    Tata Punch Electric SpiedA number of features onboard Punch EV will be borrowed from the recently launched Nexon EV faceliftIn a short span of time, Tata Motors had acquired a leadership position in the electric PV segment. To maintain its dominance, the company has introduced new products at regular intervals. The newest entrant is Punch EV, which will rival the likes of Citroen eC3 and upcoming Hyundai Exter EV.Tata Punch EV specs, featuresSimilar to the strategy being followed with Tiago EV and Nexon EV, there will be medium range and long-range versions of Punch EV. This strategy has worked well, as it allows users to choose the variant based on their requirements and budget.The smaller battery pack variant allows an affordable entry point. On the other hand, the larger battery pack variant is suitable for folks who have longer distances to cover between recharges.Tata Punch Electric SpiedJust like other Tata electric cars, Punch EV is also an ICE to EV conversion project. It will be based on the existing ALFA platform, featuring Tata’s Gen 2 EV architecture. However, it is a lot more than a mere retrofit project since some major modifications have been performed.Punch EV will have advanced tech such as a liquid-cooled battery pack. It will be equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous motor that sends power to the front wheels. The SUV will have improved braking power with all-wheel disc brakes.You don’t want to miss this! #UnveilingTomorrow#TATAev #MoveWithMeaning pic.twitter.com/o5hf61aB7u— TATA.ev (@Tataev) January 4, 2024Inside, Punch EV will have segment-first features such as ventilated front seats. While lower variants will have a 7-inch touchscreen infotainment system, higher variants will be equipped with a larger 10.25-inch unit. It is likely to be the same as that of the Nexon EV.Other features of Nexon EV such as the jewelled drive selector will also be available with Punch EV. Other key highlights include a digital instrument cluster, new two-spoke steering wheel with backlit Tata logo and an electronic parking brake.Punch EV exterior updatesWhile the overall look and feel is largely the same as the ICE counterpart, Punch EV will have some cosmetic touch-ups to highlight its electric persona. For example, Punch EV will have a blanked-out grille, new full-width LED element and new alloy wheels. Much of the styling will be similar to that of Nexon EV. In Tata’s lineup, Punch EV will be positioned in between the Tiago EV MR and Nexon EV MR. It could be launched in the price range of Rs 10 lakh to Rs 13 lakh. Punch ICE variant has been a spectacular success, something that will automatically benefit the EV model.Punch recently achieved the 3-lakh production milestone. This is significant, as it comes in a period of just around 26 months. Punch also enjoys a high level of consumer confidence, as the SUV has received 5-star rating in Global NCAP crash tests. The EV version will inherit all these strong USPs. More

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    Xiaomi SU7 Electric Car Packs Company’s 5 Core EV Tech

    Xiaomi SU7 electric carWith Xiaomi 5 core EV tech, the consumer electronics juggernaut intends to take on the global electric car market by storm in the coming yearsIn a calculated move, leading smartphone and consumer electronics manufacturer, Xiaomi, unveiled its maiden electric car to the world. Called SU7, this full-size high performance eco-technology sedan encapsulates Xiaomi’s 5 Core EV tech – E-Motor, Battery, Xiaomi Die-Casting, Xiaomi Pilot Autonomous Driving, and Smart Cabin.Xiaomi SU7 debuts company’s core EV techThe Chinese consumer electronics juggernaut, Xiaomi, debuted its maiden electric car recently that features the company’s 5 core EV tech. These self-developed core technologies are a culmination of 13 years of curated R&D efforts comprising of 3,400 engineers from China and abroad. This is a big-buck project on which Xiaomi invested more than CNY 10 billion (USD 1.41 billion or INR 11,700 Crores).E-MotorXiaomi’s self-developed electric motors seem to have raised many eyebrows in the auto industry. There are three electric motors – HyperEngine V6, HyperEngine V6 S and HyperEngine V8 S. There are multiple innovations including usage of ultra high-strength silicon steel, and S-shaped oil circuitry with innovative oil cooling tech boasting best-in-class heat dissipation.V6 and V6 S electric motors boast industry-leading rotational speed of 21,000 RPM and V8 S motor currently under development boasts an even bonkers 27,200 RPM. Performance metrics reveal V6 motor with 299 PS and 400 Nm, V6 S packs 374 PS and 500 NM. V8 S is a notch above in performance with around 580 PS and 635 Nm.Xiaomi SU7 electric car coloursBatteryIntegrating CTB integrated battery tech, Xiaomi has achieved 77.8% battery integration efficiency, 24.4% performance improvement and reduced battery height by 17mm over industry standards. With the platform supporting a max of 150 kWh in capacity, theoretical range can touch 1,200 km.Company claims thorough considerations for utmost occupant safety while designing batteries. Heat dissipation system consists of a combination of 165 aerogel insulation, dual-side water cooling and more. Xiaomi’s self-designed BMS includes ASIL-D and three independent thermal runaway monitors. The company claims 1,050+ safety verifications too.Xiaomi Die-CastingWhere manufacturing is concerned, Xiaomi is going full regalia by self-developing both large die-casting and materials. For starters, the company has developed Xiaomi Titans Metal, a new heat-treated die-casting material that has high-strength and high resilience characteristics. Company’s Multi-Material Performance Simulation System selects an on-demand alloy formula based on 10.16 million combinations.Xiaomi SU7 profileXiaomi’s new T9100 die-casting cluster covers an area of 840m², boasting a total weight of 1,050t and locking force of up to 9,100t. The company mentioned a new quality judgement system too that can inspect individual components in 2 seconds. The new T9100 cluster enables 72 rear underbody components to integrate into 1, reducing 840 weld joints, reducing weight by 17% and production hours by 45%.Xiaomi Pilot Autonomous DrivingNitin Gadkari, Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways, has discouraged autonomous driving in India in favour of utilising human resources. Rightfully so. In global markets, however, the push for AI-based autonomous driving has seen a rise. Xiaomi has implemented three key tech with SU7 – Adaptive BEV Technology, Road-Mapping Foundational Model, and Super-Res Occupancy Network Technology.Xiaomi SU7 rearThe company has invested in “End-to-End Sensing and Decision-Making AI Model” for automated parking and for autonomous driving, the AI model is trained to have minimum granularity, extended recognition range, recognition of irregular objects with vectorisation tech, and advanced noise reduction features. Hardware for autonomous driving on SU7 includes two NVIDIA Orin chips, one LiDAR, 11 hi-def cameras, 3 milimeter wave radars, 12 ultrasonic radars among others.Smart CabinIn-cabin experience has been a driving force in automotive industry in the past years. Adhering to that, Xiaomi SU7 features the company’s Smart Cabin tech including a 16.3-inch 3K resolution central display, a large 56-inch HUD and a 7.1-inch rotating dashboard along with two mounts for back seats to place tablets.Xiaomi SU7 headlightsThere is a push to reduce learning curve in Xiaomi’s system by rapidly launching vehicle OS and cross-device connection with user’s smartphone with just a single touch. Smartphone app integrations number up to 5,000 and SU7 supports over 1,000 Xiaomi smart home devices, creating a no-nonsense CarloT ecosystem.SU7’s performance and words from the manufacturerPositioned as a full-size high performance eco-technology sedan, Xiaomi EV SU7 boasts 0-100 km/h sprint in 2.78 seconds only and is capable of achieving a top speed of 265 km/h. The car also features Xiaomi Smart Chassis Control, promising both sporty handling and comfortable drive.Xiaomi SU7 spoilerQuoting a sentence of Chinese poetry, “with firm strides we are crossing its summit.” Lei Jun, Founder, Chairman, And CEO Of Xiaomi Group stated that Xiaomi’s entry into the automotive industry marks a significant leap from the smartphone industry and a crucial step toward closing the loop of the Human x Car x Home smart ecosystem.Lei Jun further expressed that the century-old automotive industry offers little room for maneuvering today: “Xiaomi has decided to invest tenfold, starting from the development of fundamental core technologies, committing to constructing an outstanding vehicle. Through 15 to 20 years of effort, Xiaomi aims to become one of the top five global automakers.”Xiaomi SU7 sleek ORVM More

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    Safari EV And Harrier EV Spotted On Tow Truck – En Route ARAI Certification?

    Safari EV and Harrier EV spotted on tow truckBoth the Safari EV and Harrier EV will feature a different fascia, packing around 60 kWh battery with single-motor FWD and dual-motor AWD configsRecently, Tata Motors inaugurated two EV-specific dealerships in Gurugram, Uttar Pradesh. Tata Motors is adding two new EVs to the lineup soon as seen with recent test mules – Safari EV and Harrier EV. These will be flagship offerings from Tata.ev, sitting above the recently launched Nexon EV (Nexon.ev).Safari EV And Harrier EV Spotted On Tow TruckNamed Tata.ev dealerships, these EV-specific showrooms and service centres aim to provide curated experience to EV buyers with eco-friendliness being the main mantra. The recent test mules were spotted on a tow truck Both these test mules were extensively draped in camouflage, conceiving their identity.These test mules on a tow truck were spotted in Pune city. Looking at them on a tow truck, we would say that both these test mules are headed for ARAI testing for range on a single charge. Tata Punch EV test mule spotted in May 2023, was on a tow truck too. The new Safari EV and Harrier EV spy shot is credited to automotive enthusiast Anvay Sheolikar.Interestingly, these test mules donned pre-facelift bodies and designs that were replaced with ICE models of facelifted Safari and Harrier. Production-spec Safari EV and Harrier EV will bear newer design that Tata Motors showcased at 2023 Auto Expo. The mechanicals (in this case, electricals) are what matters for ARAI testing and certification procedures.Tata Harrier Electric SUVJust like Nexon and Nexon EV, we expect both Harrier EV and Safari EV to get additional features and equipment over their ICE counterparts. Where design is concerned, we can expect minor revisions over their ICE counterparts in the form of a closed grill and revised bumpers to establish a different fascia.What to expect from Tata.ev’s new flagships?Just like the new Nexon EV, there is a good probability that Safari and Harrier’s EV counterparts will sport any blue elements. Both on the outside and inside. Tata Motors is currently leading the electric car scene in India with Tiago EV, Tiago EV and Nexon EV. That said, India’s electric car scene is expected to get brutal with new incoming EVs.Safari EV and Harrier will primarily rival Mahindra’s upcoming XUV.e8 (XUV700 electric). Hyundai could come up with an Alcazar EV based on upcoming Creta EV if there is enough demand. The Land Rover derived OMEGARC platform on Safari and Harrier will be modified to accommodate batteries for their EV counterparts.Tata Safari electric spied with new designFWD will be standard with optional dual-motor AWD variants. Tata might sell its flagship electric SUVs with around 60 kWh battery pack, promising a range of around 500 km on a single charge. We hope there is an 80 kWh battery pack option in the mix because Mahindra’s INGLO platform on XUV.e8 is expected to pack 80 kWh worth of cells in higher variants.Both Tata Safari EV and Harrier EV will be launched in 2024. Considering increasing test mule sightings, they could launch sooner rather than later. Price might start from around Rs. 25 lakh (ex-sh) going till Rs. 35 lakh (ex-sh).Source – Anvay Sheolikar More

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    PUC Certificates Now Require Video Verification – Full Details Here

    PUC Certificates Video Verification Now Mandatory – Image for reference onlyAs opposed to a single number plate image requirement, the new regulations in PUC certificates issuance require video verification of testing procedureIn a commendable move, Indian Government has mandated video verification of emission testing process across the nation to ensure transparency in the process. This will keep fraudulent operations by PUC centres in check and ensure unfit vehicles show correct emissions value in their PUC certificates for further enforcement.PUC Certificates Now Require Video VerificationIncorrect emission data in PUC certificates is a common phenomenon in India. Owners of old and polluting vehicles often get PUC certificates that are galactically far from reality. This is achieved by malpractices of authorised PUC centres where the emission values tested, are of an entirely different vehicle altogether.This would give a pass for unfit vehicles to meet emission standards and be used on public roads. Now, Indian Government is dropping an anchor on this malpractice by mandating video verification of vehicles in said authorised PUC centres.All 2W and 4W vehicles should now undergo proper emission testing under a watchful eye. National Informatics Center (NIC), is tasked with implementation of these changes. This is a major reform in enforcing vehicular emission control measures by Indian Government.PUC certificate is only granted to vehicles that pass rigorous exhaust gas testing and comply with Motor Vehicles Act regulations. Authorised PUC centres now need to record the entire testing process and upload it to VAHAN portal (managed by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways).Before implementing these stricter regulations, PUC centres needed to only upload the number plate of said vehicle on the portal. This picture could have been provided by owner even though said vehicle was not physically present at testing centre or rightfully tested.New regulations applicable to both 2W and 4W vehiclesNecessary modifications will be made to VAHAN portal by NIC to allow PUC centre operators to upload video of testing process of vehicles. This will establish a significant increase in transparency and legitimacy for the whole process. Vehicles with significant emissions will not be issued with fraudulent PUCs from this new regulation.All the Governments of various States and UTs are expected to adopt and implement these new regulations ASAP. This measure would significantly benefit places like Delhi-NCR, where pollution levels are among the highest in the entire Asian subcontinent and rising by the day.There don’t seem to be any changes to the nominal price of a PUC certificate and associated testing. Also, validity of said PUC certificate is still 6 months, over which the vehicle has to be re-tested and issued with a fresh PUC. More