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    Triumph Scrambler 400X Launched – Rs. 2.63 Lakh, Off-road Hardware

    Triumph Scrambler 400X LaunchedThe 398cc single-cylinder DOHC, 4V, liquid-cooled engine on Triumph Scrambler 400X is similar to Speed 400 and generates 40 PS of power and 37.5 Nm of torqueThe British brand’s affordable lineup manufactured by Bajaj Auto has been to a good start with the launch of Speed 400. Now, Triumph has launched Scrambler 400X, the second motorcycle in its budget TR series based lineup. Price for Triumph Scrambler 400X is Rs. 2,62,996 (ex-sh) and is Rs. 30,000 more expensive than its roadster counterpart, Speed 400.Triumph Scrambler 400X LaunchedA strategic partnership with Bajaj Auto has resulted in the introduction of two new affordable motorcycles for Triumph. Speed 400 and Scrambler 400X are based on TR Series 398 cc single-cylinder engine that generates 40 PS of peak power and 37.5 Nm of peak torque.This is a modern powertrain that features liquid cooling, a DOHC setup, a 4V head, a slipper clutch, ride-by-wire, a 6-speed gearbox and more. Triumph has optimised this powertrain for low-speed rideability, smooth power delivery and a lot of character. Where it differs from Speed 400 is in hardware and componentry.For starters, Triumph Scrambler 400X gets off-road-worthy componentry. These include a long-travel suspension setup (150 mm travel at both ends) consisting of gold-finished USD telescopic front forks, rear mono-shock, adjustable handlebars, 19-inch front wheel wrapped with 100/90-19 rubber and 17-inch rear wheel wrapped with 140/70-17 rubber. Both ends get block pattern dual-purpose tyres.Triumph Scrambler 400X specsThere is a single-disc brake setup at both ends, coupled with dual-channel ABS. Other notable elements are 195 mm ground clearance, upgraded flat foot pegs with removable rubber for better grip, 835 mm seat height and more. Triumph provides quite a bit of protection for both motorcycle and rider with features like engine sump protection, headlight grill protection, radiator guard, handlebar brace and knuckle guards.To aid dirt riding, Triumph is offering a switchable traction control system and switchable ABS. This should allow for a fun-packed trail session, blasting through beaten paths. The exhaust is slightly up-swept in Triumph Scrambler 400X, which should ensure reasonable water-wading capability. There is a longer front mudguard too.Impactful and purposeful designAs opposed to Speed 400, Triumph Scrambler 400X has a longer wheelbase along with higher ground clearance, and a commanding riding position. Overall package weighs just 179 kg, which is decent, considering the kit on offer. Design is purposeful and is in line with what Triumph offers with bigger models within Scrambler lineup including Scrambler 900 and Scrambler 1200.Triumph Scrambler 400X coloursTriumph’s signature sculpted fuel tank, engine profile, and its timeless overall aura screams sophistication. The quality along with fit and finish are in line with Triumph’s image. The promised service interval is pretty high too, at 10,000 miles (16,093 km). This not only reduces running and maintenance costs but reduces the number of visits to service centres as well.In terms of features, Triumph offers all-LED lighting, a semi-digital instrument cluster, a USB-C charging socket, factory fitted immobilizer key and more. Personalisation is possible with 25 genuine accessories that the brand is offering. There are three colours on offer with Triumph Scrambler 400X – Matte Khaki Green, Phantom Black and Carnival Red. Bookings have commenced already.Triumph Scrambler 400X trail blasting More

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    Royal Enfield Himalayan 450 Production Starts – 1st Unit Rolls Out Of Plant

    Royal Enfield Himalayan 450Powerful performance and enhanced ride dynamics will be among the key differentiating factors for new Himalayan 450For explorers with limited budget, one of the preferred options has been the Royal Enfield Himalayan. To boost its capabilities even further, Royal Enfield is working on the all-new Himalayan 450. The bike is scheduled to debut on November 1st, 2023.Royal Enfield Himalayan 450 production startsAhead of launch, production of the new Himalayan 450 has started at the company plant in Chennai. It will have more firepower to take on rivals such as KTM 390 Adventure. And with affordable pricing, it could emerge as an irresistible deal. For reference, the existing 411cc Himalayan is available at a starting price of around Rs 2.16 lakh.Royal Enfield Himalayan 450As compared to existing Himalayan, the new Himalayan 450 has a relatively lithe profile. The changes should make the bike more appropriate for both highway cruising and off-road environments. Some of the key highlights include raised front beak, round headlamp, round rear view mirrors, large windscreen, wide handlebar, new sculpted fuel tank, side luggage rack and compact exhaust.Users can expect optimal comfort on longer rides, as Himalayan 450 is equipped with a pretty large rider seat. It has thick foam padding and relevant bevels to support the thighs. To make longer journeys more convenient, Himalayan 450 is expected to offer a range of luggage accessories. At the rear, the bike has a dedicated rack for a top box. Racks for side panniers are expected to be offered as an accessory.Royal Enfield Himalayan 450Users can expect to ride longer distances between fuel stops, as the fuel tank appears larger than the current model. Or it may be just that the higher capacity engine will consume more fuel per kilometre, which can be compensated with a larger fuel tank. However, nothing is certain as the new 450cc engine could actually be more fuel efficient.Royal Enfield Himalayan 45021-inch wheels at front and 17-inch at rear will be the same as the existing Himalayan. The bike will have disc brakes, integrated with dual-channel ABS. New Himalayan 450 will have ground clearance of around 220 mm.Some of the features that will be entirely new for Himalayan 450 include all-LED lighting and USD front forks. The bike will also be getting a new single-pod instrument cluster. It’s a large circular unit, with a different layout in comparison to that of other Royal Enfield bikes. The gear indicator is dead centre whereas the speedometer is placed towards the right. The tachometer covers the outer circumference of the instrument console.Royal Enfield Himalayan 450Himalayan 450 performanceNew Himalayan 450 is expected to get a 450cc, liquid cooled engine. It could generate around 35 bhp of max power and 40 Nm of peak torque. This can make a big difference in ride dynamics in comparison to Himalayan 411. The latter generates 24.3 bhp and 32 Nm, which may not be enough for extreme off-road tracks. Highway cruising abilities will also be enhanced with the more powerful engine. New Himalayan 450 is expected to get a 6-speed gearbox. The engine will have features such as slipper and assist clutch. More

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    Hero Hurikan 440 Trademarked – Harley X440 Based Naked Streetfighter?

    Image for reference onlyWhile it will share the mechanicals with Harley-Davison X440, Hero Hurikan 440 will have entirely unique design aestheticsHero MotoCorp’s multifaceted partnership with Harley-Davidson includes development and sharing of new platforms. It’s something similar to the collaboration between TVS and BMW. After Harley’s X440, it appears that Hero is looking to introduce its own version based on the same platform.Hero Hurikan 440 name registeredAs per current records, the ‘Hurikan 440’ Word Mark is currently displayed as “Accepted & Advertised”. It indicates that the trademark name is closer to getting approved. Hopefully, Hurikan 440 will not get into potential legal tangles, as seen with X440 being opposed by Ultraviolette Automotive.Hurikan seems a good name choice for Hero’s new flagship bike. There’s some level of familiarity with Lamborghini Huracán. But that’s unlikely to have any impact on the bike’s future prospects. Huracán is the Spanish equivalent of a hurricane, which could be true for Hurikan as well. As Hurikan seems a globally relevant name, Hero may pursue export opportunities with this bike.The company already has a strong presence in exports of commuter bikes and scooters. While Harley X440 is a neo-retro interpretation of a roadster, upcoming Hero Hurikan 440 is expected to be a naked streetfighter bike. This segment has the widest acceptability in premium range. With affordable pricing, Hero should be able to generate decent sales numbers with Hurikan.Hero Hurikan 440 trademarkedThe bike will compete with the likes of Bajaj Dominar 400, KTM 390 Duke, BMW G310R and recently launched TVS Apache RTR 310. Similar to the response generated by Karizma XMR, Hero’s new flagship could be a major draw for enthusiasts. While a test mule is yet to be spotted, expect the bike to have a dominating street presence.Some of the key highlights will include an aggressive front fascia, LED headlamp with DRLs, sculpted fuel tank, fully digital instrument console, sinewy body profile with exposed frame sections, step-up split seat design and short tail section. Some exciting colour options and sporty graphics and decals will be on offer.Hero Hurikan 440 performanceHardware specs will be largely the same as Harley-Davidson X440. However, the engine could be tweaked in line with the needs of a naked streetfighter. For reference, Harley-Davidson X440 has a 440cc, single-cylinder, air-oil cooled, long-stroke engine. It generates 27 bhp of max power and 38 Nm of peak torque. It is paired with a 6-speed gearbox. In addition to having a different state of tune for the engine, Hurikan 440 is also expected to have a sportier exhaust note.Hero Hurikan 440 will have USD forks at front and a mono-shock unit at rear. Both front and rear suspension might have adjustability options. Braking duties could be done by 320 mm front and 240 mm rear disk brakes. Dual-channel ABS will be standard. Users can also expect a range of advanced tech and connectivity features. Hurikan 440 is expected to be launched in 2024. More

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    First 2024 Tesla Cybertruck Reportedly Auctioned for $400,000, with First Deliveries Still Elusive

    The first 2024 Tesla Cybertruck has reportedly been sold at auction at the Petersen Auto Museum, according to posts on X.The angular truck sold for $400,000, with attendees paying at least $1750 for access to the event.Tesla has yet to confirm production specifications for the Cybertruck, and it’s unclear how many motors this early-VIN example packs.At long last, production of the Tesla Cybertruck finally appears to be underway. Over the weekend, social media posts claimed that a 2024 Cybertruck was auctioned at an event at the Petersen Auto Museum. The truck allegedly sold for a whopping $400,000, as reported by InsideEVs.com. The auction occurred during the Petersen’s 29th gala event, hosted by Jay Leno. Tickets to the festivities cost $1750, with a table reservation coming in at $17,500 and a “premier” table ringing in at $30,000. Clearly, the attendees have cash to spare, and posts on X, the site formerly known as Twitter, state that the truck sold at auction for $400,000. We reached out to the museum for confirmation of this figure, but a representative told us that they couldn’t confirm winning bid amounts “due to internal fundraising policies.”If the sale goes through, this would become the first Cybertruck to be officially sold. The unorthodox pickup, first revealed back in 2019, was originally slated for production in 2021 before consistent delays pushed it back. The museum had advertised that attendees of the gala could bid on a “low-VIN” 2024 Cybertruck, and the museum representative told us that the winning bidder will receive a low-VIN Cybertruck “when Tesla completes production,” effectively making this an auction for a build slot and not a car.More Tesla NewsIn recent months, there have been increased sightings of Cybertrucks testing and being hauled on flatbeds. Tesla had previously said that full-scale production wouldn’t begin until 2024, but that early units would start rolling off the line this year. On July 15, Tesla posted on X claiming that the first Cybertruck had been built at the automaker’s Giga Texas factory. This isn’t the first time a high-interest EV truck has been auctioned off. The first 2024 GMC Hummer EV SUV sold for $500,000 at the Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale auction in January, while the first Hummer EV SUT truck was auctioned for $2.5 million at a Barrett Jackson auction in 2021. Delivery When?Tesla, however, still hasn’t announced an official delivery start date for the Cybertruck. The automaker also hasn’t confirmed specifications for the production-spec pickup, which was originally claimed to start around $40,000. Several variants were planned, from a single-motor rear-wheel-drive base model to a high-performance Tri-Motor version, but it’s unclear which of these will be produced for 2024, or at all. The Cybertruck definitely exists now—Tesla recently posted video of the Cybertruck driving over dirt trails in Baja, Mexico—and it is only a matter of time until, we presume, it officially launches. This content is imported from poll. You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site.Associate News EditorCaleb Miller began blogging about cars at 13 years old, and he realized his dream of writing for a car magazine after graduating from Carnegie Mellon University and joining the Car and Driver team. He loves quirky and obscure autos, aiming to one day own something bizarre like a Nissan S-Cargo, and is an avid motorsports fan. More

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    2W Retail Sales September 2023 – Over 20% YoY Combined Growth

    Hero Xtreme 160rThe 2W retail sales September 2023 charts showed a positive note for growth and sales with majority of OEMsIndia being one of the largest 2W markets in the world, is of primary importance for OEMs. Add to it festive season and a large potential for sales, 2W retail sales September 2023 turned out pretty interesting even with numbers from August 2023. As usual, Hero topped the charts, followed by Honda, TVS, Bajaj, Suzuki, Royal Enfield, Yamaha, Ola, Ather, Greaves (Ampere), Piaggio, Classic Legends, Okinawa and others, in order.2W Retail Sales September 2023Like clockwork, Hero MotoCorp has held the top position again, with 3,51,781 units sold last month. Market share was a staggering 26.81%, which is up from 24.99% share just a year ago. Then partner, now rival Honda Motorcycles and Scooters India (HMSI), took 2nd place with 3,48,899 units sold last month.Honda’s market share is around the same vicinity as Hero MotoCorp’s at 26.59%, down from 27.67% share last year. Combined, both Hero and Honda sell more than half of the total 2W sales in India, which is quite significant. In 3rd position, we have TVS Motor with 2,28,852 units sold under its name.TVS holds a 17.44% market share in Indian 2W space, which the company increased from the 16.56% share it had a year ago. The company is spearheading into premium 2W space with TVS X and Apache RTR 310 launched recently. Combined, Bajaj and Chetak managed to secure 4th place in this list.Image – FADA ResearchBajaj sold close to 1.5 lakh units and held an 11.38% market share, which the company increased from the 10.76% market share it possessed in September 2022. Suzuki India has strengthened its foothold in India from 5.28% market share last year to 5.60% last month. The 73,452 units Suzuki sold in September 2023 was commendable as opposed to 56,893 units in 2022.Royal Enfield lost market share YoYDue to the increase in sales with other brands, Royal Enfield has lost quite a bit of market share YoY. From 5.37% last year to 4.81% last month. Despite this, sales grew YoY as Royal Enfield sold 63,084 units last month as opposed to 57,910 units sold last year. Yamaha India sold 49,510 units and secured 3.77% market share, down from 4.11% YoY.Leading the Indian 2W startups in India is Ola Electric with 18,647 units sold last month. With Ola S1X and Ola S1X+, the company expects a new ceiling in sales. It held 1.42% market share, up from 0.92% last year, which is commendable with double the sales YoY. Ather saw 7,123 units and held 0.54% market share.Ampere by Greaves sold 3,605 e-scooters last month, followed by Piaggio selling 2,925 Vespa and Aprilia 2Ws, Classic Legends selling 2,427 Jawa and Yezdi bikes, Okinawa with 1,789 units and other EVs combined, had 10,693 units to their names. In total, 2W retail sales accounted for 13,12,101 units which is a clear YoY growth as opposed to 10,78,286 units sold in September 2022.FADA’s remarksCommenting on September 2023 2W retails, FADA President, Mr. Manish Raj Singhania said, In comparison to pre-COVID benchmarks, the sector enjoyed a robust 14% uplift, with the 2W category registering growth (2%) for the first time. The 2W segment witnessed positive shifts as the festive season approaches. With the introduction of new models and attractive promotional offers, demand increased, especially in rural areas, fostering improved market sentiments.This uptick in demand was accompanied by heightened customer walk-ins and an overall positive market response. Additionally, better stock availability compared to the previous year and a favourable reception to newly launched entry-level products have set an optimistic tone for the upcoming festive season. More

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    Yamaha TMax Maxi Scooter Spotted Testing In India – 47bhp, 56Nm

    Yamaha TMax maxi scooterIf launched, Yamaha TMax maxi scooter will be the most powerful scooter on sale in India with 47 bhp and 56 Nm from a 562cc twin cylinder engineMaxi and maxi-style scooters have been gaining decent traction in the recent past, even in Indian market. We have seen new entrants in this segment starting with Aprilia SXR 125 and 160, Yamaha Aerox 155, Keeway Vieste 300 and even BMW C 400 GT. Now, Yamaha seems to be on the verge of launching TMax in India as seen with recent uncamouflaged spy shots posted by Bunny Punia.Yamaha TMax Maxi Scooter Spotted Testing In IndiaYamaha needs more multi-cylinder motorcycles in India and is on the verge of launching MT-03 and YZF-R3. Possibilities of MT-07, MT-09 and YZF-R7 launches are pretty high as well. If launched in India, Yamaha TMax maxi scooter would grace our shores via CBU route, commanding a hefty price upwards Rs. 20 lakh (ex-sh) easily.In motorcycling world, maxi-scooters offer comparable levels of wind protection to a fully-faired motorcycle but don’t require a committed riding posture. In that regard, maxi scooters share a lot of ethos with baggers and tourers as well. All these combined, maxi scooters emerge as one of the most viable forms of long-distance cruising.Considering India is the largest 2W market in the world, launching a premium maxi scooter would make sense considering BMW C 400 GT is already on sale. That said, Yamaha is currently completely absent from big bike scene in India. Not just big bikes, Yamaha’s flagship in India is a 150cc single-cylinder motorcycle.Hello @India_Yamaha T Max, what are you doing on Indian roads?On a serious note, wouldnt we all want to see this Maxi Scooter on sale here 😀What do you think? pic.twitter.com/zkctxe7uB4— Bunny Punia (@BunnyPunia) October 8, 2023What is TMax?Yamaha TMax is the Japanese brand’s multi-cylinder maxi scooter lineup, slotted above XMax single-cylinder maxi-scooter lineup. It boasts of a large 562cc parallel-twin liquid-cooled DOHC 4V engine that churns out around 47 bhp of peak power at 7,500 RPM and 56 Nm of peak torque 5,250 RPM.There is an automatic transmission with a V-belt transmitting power to the rear wheels. Owing to its touring credentials, it has a large (by scooter standards) 15L fuel tank and Yamaha promises 4.8L/100 km fuel consumption which yields around 21 km/l. Tank range is impressive (by scooter standards) 312 km.Componentry includes gold-finished USD telescopic front forks with 120mm travel, a swingarm-mounted rear shocker with 117mm travel, 267mm dual disc front and 282mm single disc rear braking setup, 15-inch alloy wheels with 120/70 rubber at front and 160/60 rubber at the rear. Yamaha TMax maxi scooter has a 1,575 mm wheelbase and weighs 218 kg, wet, with an aluminium chassis.Yamaha TMax featuresIndia launch likely?Needless to say, Yamaha TMax is a large and imposing scooter that has impressive road presence and a tonne of features to aid rider comfort and convenience. Features include LED projector headlights, impeccable rider and pillion comfort, large TFT screen with smartphone integration and full-map navigation, keyless push-button start, advanced electronic aids, under-seat storage, anti-theft central locking stand and many more.There are two colours on offer – Icon Blue and Sword Grey. The one spied in India, donned Icon Blue shade. In Europe, Yamaha TMax maxi scooter costs EUR 13,564 before accessories. Which translates to Rs. 12 lakh. Expect a price of close to Rs. 20 lakh (ex-sh) if brought in via CBU route. More

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    Royal Enfield Himalayan 450 First Official Photo Out – Launch Soon

    Royal Enfield Himalayan 450With more power and tech integrations, Himalaya 450 will allow users to unlock new sights and scenesFor adventure enthusiasts, Royal Enfield is prepping up the all-new Himalayan 450. This next-gen Royal Enfield bike is scheduled for launch on November 01, 2023. With festivities reaching their peak around Diwali, Himalayan 450 is expected to register booming sales in initial months. Ahead of launch, Royal Enfield has now revealed the first official photo of the new Himalayan 450.Royal Enfield Himalayan 450 featuresHimalayan 450’s design is especially curated for off-road tracks as well as high-speed cruising. A test mule was recently spotted cruising at around 140 kmph. That it had panniers and a top box all along goes on to show the bike’s upgraded capabilities. Himalayan 450 stretches 2,245 mm in length, spans 852 mm in width and stands 1,316 mm tall. With a wheelbase of 1,510 mm, users can expect optimal stability. This will be especially useful when navigating through rough terrains.Royal Enfield Himalayan 450With handguards, the bike’s width extends to 900 mm. And if a larger windscreen is used, the bike’s height will be 1,415 mm. These components will be available as optional accessories. Panniers will also be available as accessories. The full list of accessories will be announced post launch. Royal Enfield Himalayan 450 has gross vehicle weight of 394 kg. Kerb weight could be close to that of existing Himalayan 411 that weighs 199 kg. Himalayan 450 has relaxed and comfortable riding ergonomics.As per Type Approval Certificate, Himalayan 450 is mentioned as Himalayan 452. However, the bike has always been referred to as just the ‘Himalayan’. Even future iterations will carry on with the same popular name. One thing that is not clear is whether the existing Himalayan 411 will be discontinued or will be sold alongside the new model.Himalayan 450 performanceAt the heart of new Himalayan 452 is a robust 451.65 cc engine that promises an adrenaline-pumping experience. This adventure machine is expected to feature a 6-speed gearbox, allowing riders to conquer varied terrains with ease. With power output of 40 bhp and expected torque of 35 Nm, the Himalayan 452 packs a punch. It will undoubtedly elevate your riding experience.Royal Enfield Himalayan 450The engine is not only powerful but also advanced. Equipped with a DOHC setup and a 4V head, it’s designed for optimal performance. To ensure efficient cooling, Royal Enfield has incorporated a liquid-cooling jacket. It is coupled with a large radiator for improved heat dissipation. These features are a testament to Royal Enfield’s commitment to providing a reliable and performance-oriented machine.Himalayan 452 promises to be an exciting addition to the world of off-roading. It is expected to be launched at a competitive price point. Initial offer price could be around Rs 2.50 lakh or even lower. The existing Himalayan is available at a starting price of Rs 2.16 lakh. Royal Enfield has ambitious plans for the 450cc platform. They intend to launch more bikes in the future based on this platform. It will help sustain their dominance in the middleweight motorcycle segment. More

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    NHTSA May Force Recall of 52 Million ARC Car Airbag Inflators

    Millions of airbag inflators could be deemed defective as early as next year as NHTSA calls for a massive recall of as many as 52 million of the safety items. At least nine ruptures and two deaths have occurred, and the safety agency has been investigating the issue since 2015.The maker, ARC, denies manufacturing defects, while three automakers have issued recalls.The U.S. government safety agency NHTSA has said it is preparing for a recall next year of 52 million airbag inflators that can rupture during deployment. This opens the door to the prospect of what could become another complicated, decade-long repair of defective airbags in tens of millions of vehicles.In a public meeting held Thursday in Washington, D.C., the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) discussed its decision that two airbag inflator manufacturers, ARC Automotive and Delphi Automotive Systems, should recall inflators that explode with excess pressure and shoot shrapnel into the frontal occupants. NHTSA has investigated ARC inflators since July 2015 after receiving reports of ruptures on two vehicles shortly after the Takata airbag recall began unfolding in 2014. The Takata recall repairs, which are still not fully complete, began with isolated, small recalls on early-2000s Hondas and grew to 100 million inflators across the world, two-thirds of which resided in U.S.-market cars. At least 27 people in the U.S. were killed and 400 injured, according to NHTSA.The Earlier Recall, in DetailAccording to the agency’s initial decision in September, which is the first step in starting a recall, there have been seven inflator ruptures in U.S. crashes since 2014. One driver was killed after a crash in a 2015 Chevrolet Traverse in which metal shards flew out. All other drivers, including one passenger, were injured primarily in the face. A second driver was killed in a 2009 Hyundai Elantra during a 2016 crash in Canada, while a passenger-side airbag inflator ruptured in Turkey a year later on a 2015 Volkswagen Golf that used an ARC inflator built in Tennessee.Four of the incidents involved a Traverse, the latest of which occurred on March 22, 2023. General Motors in May recalled nearly one million vehicles, some of which were the Traverse, for this defect. A 2002 Chrysler Town & Country, 2004 Kia Optima, and 2016 Audi A3 e-tron were also cited for ruptures in crashes. BMW began a recall for this defect in 2017, while Volkswagen initiated a recall in 2022.1-in-370,000 Chance of Rupture”Ruptures will continue to happen,” said Bruce York, a division chief at the NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation, at the public hearing. The agency estimates, based on 2.6 million reported deployments of ARC inflators, that the risk of ruptures during future crashes would be 1 in 370,000.Steve Gold, vice-president of product integrity for ARC, said the seven U.S. ruptures were “isolated incidents and not indicative of a systemic defect.” He called the agency’s comparison of ARC inflators to Takata inflators as “inaccurate and misleading” because those inflators were largely affected by humidity and age and that seven known defects in 23 years of production “does not represent increased risk over time.”The alleged defects, according to NHTSA, involve a manufacturing defect where “excess weld slag” on the metal seam caused by joining parts of the inflator together can block the gas flow to the bag, building excess pressure and causing the entire inflator to rupture. This can result in “metal fragments being forcefully propelled into the passenger compartment,” according to NHTSA. The agency issued a standing order to ARC in 2016 so the company would report ruptures during manufacturing and in 2018, ARC began using borescopes to “detect the occurrence of excess weld slag or other debris in its inflators.” While ARC ran tests in 2018 of more than 900 inflators taken from 2001-2005 model year cars in salvage yards and found no ruptures, automakers reported ruptures in 2021 and 2023, according to NHTSA. The 52 million number, according to NHTSA, was calculated for all airbag inflators ARC and Delphi made before using the borescopes.Gold said ARC is a Tier 2 supplier and not legally responsible for initiating recalls like an automaker. But NHTSA said in its September initial decision letter that ARC is not exempt from complying with federal safety regulations. Class-Action Lawsuits in ProgressSix class-action lawsuits alleging economic harm were filed in 2022 against ARC, various automakers, and two airbag manufacturers that used ARC inflators (Joyson Safety Systems, formerly known as Key Safety Systems which bought out Takata, and Toyoda Gosei). They have been combined under federal judicial review. One lawsuit filed in Northern California alleged that because the inflators used ammonium nitrate, a low-cost propellent found to be highly unstable and a root cause of the Takata failures, that ARC was inherently at fault. But NHTSA has not cited ammonium nitrate as a failure point or a root cause in its investigations.NHTSA is accepting written responses to its hearing by December 4, after which it will likely release a final decision to issue a recall. Contributing EditorClifford Atiyeh is a reporter and photographer for Car and Driver, specializing in business, government, and litigation news. He is president of the New England Motor Press Association and committed to saving both manuals and old Volvos. More